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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 731 |
1 files changed, 370 insertions, 361 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index 0bbd7728..c2edd29f 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -9692,9 +9692,18 @@ with a pound sign (`#'). An associative array containing the values of the environment. The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of the particular environment variables. For - example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. Changing this - array does not affect the environment passed on to any programs - that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' function. + example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. + + For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the + environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via + redirection or the `system()' function. + + However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility + mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is + changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it + creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify + `ENVIRON["PATH"]"', which is the search path for finding + executable programs. Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for @@ -30171,9 +30180,9 @@ Index * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 93) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 102) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 314) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 323) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -30342,12 +30351,12 @@ Index (line 23) * differences in awk and gawk, close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 73) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 35) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 45) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 119) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 128) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -30370,14 +30379,14 @@ Index (line 261) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 133) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 142) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: Records. (line 117) * differences in awk and gawk, regexp constants: Using Constant Regexps. (line 43) * differences in awk and gawk, regular expressions: Case-sensitivity. (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: Records. (line 172) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 266) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 275) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -30386,7 +30395,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: Records. (line 191) * differences in awk and gawk, strtonum() function (gawk): String Functions. (line 406) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 274) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 283) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 162) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -30467,13 +30476,13 @@ Index (line 11) * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 24) * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable <2>: Auto-set. (line 73) +* ERRNO variable <2>: Auto-set. (line 82) * ERRNO variable <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 138) * ERRNO variable: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 16) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 73) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 82) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -30585,7 +30594,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 52) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 46) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 93) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 102) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -30652,9 +30661,9 @@ Index * floating-point, numbers: General Arithmetic. (line 6) * fnmatch extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 6) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 103) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 112) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 314) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 323) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -30701,7 +30710,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 77) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 119) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 128) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function pointers: Indirect Calls. (line 6) @@ -30770,7 +30779,7 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 73) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 82) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 138) @@ -30787,7 +30796,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 45) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 26) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 119) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 128) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -30818,7 +30827,7 @@ Index * gawk, OS/2 version of: PC Using. (line 11) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 116) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 133) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 142) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -30826,7 +30835,7 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 266) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 275) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * gawk, RT variable in <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -30835,7 +30844,7 @@ Index * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 87) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 274) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 283) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 162) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 36) @@ -31238,16 +31247,16 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 108) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 117) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) * noassign.awk program: Ignoring Assigns. (line 15) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 128) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 137) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 314) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 323) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -31527,7 +31536,7 @@ Index * PROCINFO array <3>: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <4>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <5>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array <6>: Auto-set. (line 133) +* PROCINFO array <6>: Auto-set. (line 142) * PROCINFO array: Obsolete. (line 11) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 172) @@ -31681,7 +31690,7 @@ Index * right angle bracket (>), >> operator (I/O): Redirection. (line 50) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 55) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 253) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 262) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 225) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 32) @@ -31708,9 +31717,9 @@ Index * RS variable: Records. (line 20) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift() function (gawk): Bitwise Functions. (line 52) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 259) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 268) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 225) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 266) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 275) * RT variable <2>: Getline/Variable/File. (line 10) * RT variable <3>: Multiple Line. (line 129) @@ -31793,7 +31802,7 @@ Index (line 110) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Field Splitting Summary. (line 38) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 312) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 321) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 135) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. @@ -31935,7 +31944,7 @@ Index * substr() function: String Functions. (line 483) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 64) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 274) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 283) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 147) * system() function: I/O Functions. (line 72) @@ -32376,336 +32385,336 @@ Node: Built-in Variables403551 Node: User-modified404646 Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1413004 Node: Auto-set413066 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1426144 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2426349 -Node: ARGC and ARGV426405 -Node: Arrays430256 -Node: Array Basics431761 -Node: Array Intro432587 -Node: Reference to Elements436905 -Node: Assigning Elements439175 -Node: Array Example439666 -Node: Scanning an Array441398 -Node: Controlling Scanning443712 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1448635 -Node: Delete448951 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1451716 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts451773 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts453956 -Node: Multidimensional455583 -Node: Multiscanning458675 -Node: Arrays of Arrays460264 -Node: Functions464904 -Node: Built-in465723 -Node: Calling Built-in466801 -Node: Numeric Functions468789 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1472621 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2472978 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473026 -Node: String Functions473295 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1496853 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2496982 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497230 -Node: Gory Details497317 -Ref: table-sub-escapes498996 -Ref: table-sub-posix-92500350 -Ref: table-sub-proposed501701 -Ref: table-posix-sub503055 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes504600 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1505776 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2505827 -Node: I/O Functions505978 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1512963 -Node: Time Functions513110 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524043 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524111 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524269 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524380 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524492 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6524719 -Node: Bitwise Functions524985 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops525543 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1529764 -Node: Type Functions529948 -Node: I18N Functions531099 -Node: User-defined532726 -Node: Definition Syntax533530 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1538440 -Node: Function Example538509 -Node: Function Caveats541103 -Node: Calling A Function541524 -Node: Variable Scope542639 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference545602 -Node: Return Statement549110 -Node: Dynamic Typing552091 -Node: Indirect Calls553022 -Node: Library Functions562707 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1566220 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2566363 -Node: Library Names566534 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1570005 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2570225 -Node: General Functions570311 -Node: Strtonum Function571339 -Node: Assert Function574269 -Node: Round Function577595 -Node: Cliff Random Function579138 -Node: Ordinal Functions580154 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1583224 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2583476 -Node: Join Function583685 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1585456 -Node: Getlocaltime Function585656 -Node: Readfile Function589397 -Node: Data File Management591236 -Node: Filetrans Function591868 -Node: Rewind Function595937 -Node: File Checking597324 -Node: Empty Files598418 -Node: Ignoring Assigns600648 -Node: Getopt Function602201 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1613504 -Node: Passwd Functions613707 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1622682 -Node: Group Functions622770 -Node: Walking Arrays630854 -Node: Sample Programs632991 -Node: Running Examples633665 -Node: Clones634393 -Node: Cut Program635617 -Node: Egrep Program645462 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1653235 -Node: Id Program653345 -Node: Split Program656961 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1660480 -Node: Tee Program660608 -Node: Uniq Program663411 -Node: Wc Program670840 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1675106 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-2675306 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs675398 -Node: Dupword Program676586 -Node: Alarm Program678617 -Node: Translate Program683366 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1687753 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-2687981 -Node: Labels Program688115 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1691486 -Node: Word Sorting691570 -Node: History Sorting695454 -Node: Extract Program697293 -Ref: Extract Program-Footnote-1704796 -Node: Simple Sed704924 -Node: Igawk Program707986 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1723143 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2723344 -Node: Anagram Program723482 -Node: Signature Program726550 -Node: Advanced Features727650 -Node: Nondecimal Data729532 -Node: Array Sorting731115 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal731812 -Node: Array Sorting Functions740050 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1743724 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-2743817 -Node: Two-way I/O744011 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1749443 -Node: TCP/IP Networking749513 -Node: Profiling752357 -Node: Internationalization759854 -Node: I18N and L10N761279 -Node: Explaining gettext761965 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1767033 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2767217 -Node: Programmer i18n767382 -Node: Translator i18n771584 -Node: String Extraction772377 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1773338 -Node: Printf Ordering773424 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1776208 -Node: I18N Portability776272 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1778721 -Node: I18N Example778784 -Ref: 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-Ref: load-extension872088 -Ref: load-new-function873566 -Ref: call-new-function874561 -Node: Extension API Description876576 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction877789 -Node: General Data Types882655 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1888257 -Node: Requesting Values888556 -Ref: table-value-types-returned889287 -Node: Constructor Functions890241 -Node: Registration Functions893261 -Node: Extension Functions893946 -Node: Exit Callback Functions896171 -Node: Extension Version String897420 -Node: Input Parsers898070 -Node: Output Wrappers907827 -Node: Two-way processors912337 -Node: Printing Messages914545 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1915622 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'915774 -Node: Accessing Parameters916513 -Node: Symbol Table Access917743 -Node: Symbol table by name918255 -Node: Symbol table by cookie920002 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1924132 -Node: Cached values924195 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1927644 -Node: Array Manipulation927735 -Ref: Array 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Extension Sample Readfile994351 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests995169 -Node: Extension Sample Time995694 -Node: gawkextlib997058 -Node: Language History999818 -Node: V7/SVR3.11001340 -Node: SVR41003660 -Node: POSIX1005102 -Node: BTL1006488 -Node: POSIX/GNU1007222 -Node: Common Extensions1012757 -Node: Ranges and Locales1014063 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11018681 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21018708 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31018968 -Node: Contributors1019189 -Node: Installation1024265 -Node: Gawk Distribution1025159 -Node: Getting1025643 -Node: Extracting1026469 -Node: Distribution contents1028161 -Node: Unix Installation1033681 -Node: Quick Installation1034298 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1036742 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1038219 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1040573 -Node: PC Installation1041031 -Node: PC Binary Installation1042330 -Node: PC Compiling1044178 -Node: PC Testing1047122 -Node: PC Using1048298 -Node: Cygwin1052483 -Node: MSYS1053483 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Functions-Footnote-2473370 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3473418 +Node: String Functions473687 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1497245 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2497374 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3497622 +Node: Gory Details497709 +Ref: table-sub-escapes499388 +Ref: table-sub-posix-92500742 +Ref: table-sub-proposed502093 +Ref: table-posix-sub503447 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes504992 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1506168 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-2506219 +Node: I/O Functions506370 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1513355 +Node: Time Functions513502 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1524435 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2524503 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3524661 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4524772 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5524884 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6525111 +Node: Bitwise Functions525377 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops525935 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1530156 +Node: Type Functions530340 +Node: I18N Functions531491 +Node: User-defined533118 +Node: Definition 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Future Growth1100098 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1100934 +Node: Basic Concepts1102674 +Node: Basic High Level1103355 +Ref: figure-general-flow1103626 +Ref: figure-process-flow1104225 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11107454 +Node: Basic Data Typing1107639 +Node: Glossary1110994 +Node: Copying1136456 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1174013 +Node: Index1199150 End Tag Table |