diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/gawk.info')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/gawk.info | 1388 |
1 files changed, 732 insertions, 656 deletions
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info index fd3e19db..6ca2e807 100644 --- a/doc/gawk.info +++ b/doc/gawk.info @@ -2623,10 +2623,8 @@ The following list describes options mandated by the POSIX standard: different file name for the output. No space is allowed between the `-o' and FILE, if FILE is supplied. - NOTE: Due to the way `gawk' has evolved, with this option - your program is still executed. This will change in the next - major release such that `gawk' will only pretty-print the - program and not run it. + NOTE: In the past, this option would also execute your + program. This is no longer the case. `-O' `--optimize' @@ -3015,13 +3013,6 @@ change. The variables are: supposed to be differences, but occasionally theory and practice don't coordinate with each other.) -`GAWK_NO_PP_RUN' - If this variable exists, then when invoked with the - `--pretty-print' option, `gawk' skips running the program. - - CAUTION: This variable will not survive into the next major - release. - `GAWK_STACKSIZE' This specifies the amount by which `gawk' should grow its internal evaluation stack, when needed. @@ -3413,15 +3404,17 @@ sequences apply to both string constants and regexp constants: `\xHH...' The hexadecimal value HH, where HH stands for a sequence of - hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). Like - the same construct in ISO C, the escape sequence continues until - the first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. (c.e.) However, using - more than two hexadecimal digits produces undefined results. (The - `\x' escape sequence is not allowed in POSIX `awk'.) + hexadecimal digits (`0'-`9', and either `A'-`F' or `a'-`f'). A + maximum of two digts are allowed after the `\x'. Any further + hexadecimal digits are treated as simple letters or numbers. + (c.e.) - CAUTION: The next major relase of `gawk' will change, such - that a maximum of two hexadecimal digits following the `\x' - will be used. + CAUTION: In ISO C, the escape sequence continues until the + first nonhexadecimal digit is seen. For many years, `gawk' + would continue incorporating hexadecimal digits into the + value until a non-hexadecimal digit or the end of the string + was encountered. However, using more than two hexadecimal + digits produces `\/' A literal slash (necessary for regexp constants only). This @@ -10294,10 +10287,18 @@ Options::), they are not special. An associative array containing the values of the environment. The array indices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of the particular environment variables. For - example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `"/home/arnold"'. Changing - this array does not affect the environment passed on to any - programs that `awk' may spawn via redirection or the `system()' - function. (In a future version of `gawk', it may do so.) + example, `ENVIRON["HOME"]' might be `/home/arnold'. + + For POSIX `awk', changing this array does not affect the + environment passed on to any programs that `awk' may spawn via + redirection or the `system()' function. + + However, beginning with version 4.2, if not in POSIX compatibility + mode, `gawk' does update its own environment when `ENVIRON' is + changed, thus changing the environment seen by programs that it + creates. You should therefore be especially careful if you modify + `ENVIRON["PATH"]"', which is the search path for finding + executable programs. Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems, the `ENVIRON' array is empty (except for @@ -11847,6 +11848,21 @@ brackets ([ ]): `cos(X)' Return the cosine of X, with X in radians. +`div(NUMERATOR, DENOMINATOR, RESULT)' + Perform integer division, similar to the standard C function of the + same name. First, truncate `numerator' and `denominator' towards + zero, creating integer values. Clear the `result' array, and then + set `result["quotient"]' to the result of `numerator / + denominator', truncated towards zero to an integer, and set + `result["remainder"]' to the result of `numerator % denominator', + truncated towards zero to an integer. This function is primarily + intended for use with arbitrary length integers; it avoids + creating MPFR arbitrary precision floating-point values (*note + Arbitrary Precision Integers::). + + This function is a `gawk' extension. It is not available in + compatibility mode (*note Options::). + `exp(X)' Return the exponential of X (`e ^ X') or report an error if X is out of range. The range of values X can have depends on your @@ -19897,8 +19913,8 @@ by the `Ctrl-<\>' key. called this way, `gawk' "pretty prints" the program into `awkprof.out', without any execution counts. - NOTE: The `--pretty-print' option still runs your program. This - will change in the next major release. + NOTE: Once upon a time, the `--pretty-print' option would also run + your program. This is is no longer the case. File: gawk.info, Node: Advanced Features Summary, Prev: Profiling, Up: Advanced Features @@ -22383,6 +22399,62 @@ just use the following: gawk -M 'BEGIN { n = 13; print n % 2 }' + When dividing two arbitrary precision integers with either `/' or +`%', the result is typically an arbitrary precision floating point +value (unless the denominator evenly divides into the numerator). In +order to do integer division or remainder with arbitrary precision +integers, use the built-in `div()' function (*note Numeric Functions::). + + You can simulate the `div()' function in standard `awk' using this +user-defined function: + + # div --- do integer division + + function div(numerator, denominator, result) + { + split("", result) + + numerator = int(numerator) + denominator = int(denominator) + result["quotient"] = int(numerator / denominator) + result["remainder"] = int(numerator % denominator) + + return 0.0 + } + + The following example program, contributed by Katie Wasserman, uses +`div()' to compute the digits of pi to as many places as you choose to +set: + + # pi.awk --- compute the digits of pi + + BEGIN { + digits = 100000 + two = 2 * 10 ^ digits + pi = two + for (m = digits * 4; m > 0; --m) { + d = m * 2 + 1 + x = pi * m + div(x, d, result) + pi = result["quotient"] + pi = pi + two + } + print pi + } + + When asked about the algorithm used, Katie replied: + + It's not that well known but it's not that obscure either. It's + Euler's modification to Newton's method for calculating pi. Take + a look at lines (23) - (25) here: + `http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PiFormulas.htm'. + + The algorithm I wrote simply expands the multiply by 2 and works + from the innermost expression outwards. I used this to program HP + calculators because it's quite easy to modify for tiny memory + devices with smallish word sizes. See + `http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/articles.cgi?read=899'. + ---------- Footnotes ---------- (1) Weisstein, Eric W. `Sylvester's Sequence'. From MathWorld--A @@ -26407,6 +26479,8 @@ the current version of `gawk'. - Ultrix + * Support for MirBSD was removed at `gawk' version 4.2. + File: gawk.info, Node: Feature History, Next: Common Extensions, Prev: POSIX/GNU, Up: Language History @@ -27309,7 +27383,9 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files `doc/igawk.1' The `troff' source for a manual page describing the `igawk' - program presented in *note Igawk Program::. + program presented in *note Igawk Program::. (Since `gawk' can do + its own `@include' processing, neither `igawk' nor `igawk.1' are + installed.) `doc/Makefile.in' The input file used during the configuration process to generate @@ -27351,11 +27427,10 @@ Various `.c', `.y', and `.h' files contains a `Makefile.in' file, which `configure' uses to generate a `Makefile'. `Makefile.am' is used by GNU Automake to create `Makefile.in'. The library functions from *note Library - Functions::, and the `igawk' program from *note Igawk Program::, - are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' distribution. - They are installed as part of the installation process. The rest - of the programs in this Info file are available in appropriate - subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. + Functions::, are included as ready-to-use files in the `gawk' + distribution. They are installed as part of the installation + process. The rest of the programs in this Info file are available + in appropriate subdirectories of `awklib/eg'. `extension/*' The source code, manual pages, and infrastructure files for the @@ -31301,20 +31376,20 @@ Index * --include option: Options. (line 159) * --lint option <1>: Options. (line 185) * --lint option: Command Line. (line 20) -* --lint-old option: Options. (line 297) +* --lint-old option: Options. (line 295) * --load option: Options. (line 173) * --non-decimal-data option <1>: Nondecimal Data. (line 6) * --non-decimal-data option: Options. (line 211) * --non-decimal-data option, strtonum() function and: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) -* --optimize option: Options. (line 239) -* --posix option: Options. (line 256) -* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 275) +* --optimize option: Options. (line 237) +* --posix option: Options. (line 254) +* --posix option, --traditional option and: Options. (line 273) * --pretty-print option: Options. (line 226) * --profile option <1>: Profiling. (line 12) -* --profile option: Options. (line 244) -* --re-interval option: Options. (line 281) -* --sandbox option: Options. (line 288) +* --profile option: Options. (line 242) +* --re-interval option: Options. (line 279) +* --sandbox option: Options. (line 286) * --sandbox option, disabling system() function: I/O Functions. (line 96) * --sandbox option, input redirection with getline: Getline. (line 19) @@ -31322,9 +31397,9 @@ Index (line 6) * --source option: Options. (line 117) * --traditional option: Options. (line 81) -* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 275) +* --traditional option, --posix option and: Options. (line 273) * --use-lc-numeric option: Options. (line 221) -* --version option: Options. (line 302) +* --version option: Options. (line 300) * --with-whiny-user-strftime configuration option: Additional Configuration Options. (line 35) * -b option: Options. (line 68) @@ -31332,32 +31407,32 @@ Index * -c option: Options. (line 81) * -D option: Options. (line 108) * -d option: Options. (line 93) -* -e option: Options. (line 338) +* -e option: Options. (line 336) * -E option: Options. (line 125) * -e option: Options. (line 117) * -f option: Options. (line 25) * -F option: Options. (line 21) * -f option: Long. (line 12) -* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 310) +* -F option, -Ft sets FS to TAB: Options. (line 308) * -F option, command-line: Command Line Field Separator. (line 6) -* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 315) +* -f option, multiple uses: Options. (line 313) * -g option: Options. (line 147) * -h option: Options. (line 154) * -i option: Options. (line 159) -* -L option: Options. (line 297) +* -L option: Options. (line 295) * -l option: Options. (line 173) * -M option: Options. (line 205) * -N option: Options. (line 221) * -n option: Options. (line 211) -* -O option: Options. (line 239) +* -O option: Options. (line 237) * -o option: Options. (line 226) -* -P option: Options. (line 256) -* -p option: Options. (line 244) -* -r option: Options. (line 281) -* -S option: Options. (line 288) +* -P option: Options. (line 254) +* -p option: Options. (line 242) +* -r option: Options. (line 279) +* -S option: Options. (line 286) * -v option: Assignment Options. (line 12) -* -V option: Options. (line 302) +* -V option: Options. (line 300) * -v option: Options. (line 32) * -W option: Options. (line 46) * . (period), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 44) @@ -31419,10 +31494,10 @@ Index (line 8) * [] (square brackets), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) * \ (backslash): Comments. (line 50) -* \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82) +* \ (backslash), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 84) * \ (backslash), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73) +* \ (backslash), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 75) * \ (backslash), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) * \ (backslash), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. @@ -31462,7 +31537,7 @@ Index * \ (backslash), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * \ (backslash), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) * \ (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. - (line 118) + (line 120) * \ (backslash), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 29) * \ (backslash), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) * \ (backslash), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18) @@ -31630,7 +31705,7 @@ Index * awf (amazingly workable formatter) program: Glossary. (line 24) * awk debugging, enabling: Options. (line 108) * awk language, POSIX version: Assignment Ops. (line 137) -* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 244) +* awk profiling, enabling: Options. (line 242) * awk programs <1>: Two Rules. (line 6) * awk programs <2>: Executable Scripts. (line 6) * awk programs: Getting Started. (line 12) @@ -31688,10 +31763,10 @@ Index * awkvars.out file: Options. (line 93) * b debugger command (alias for break): Breakpoint Control. (line 11) * backslash (\): Comments. (line 50) -* backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 82) +* backslash (\), \" escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 84) * backslash (\), \' operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 73) +* backslash (\), \/ escape sequence: Escape Sequences. (line 75) * backslash (\), \< operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. (line 30) * backslash (\), \> operator (gawk): GNU Regexp Operators. @@ -31731,7 +31806,7 @@ Index * backslash (\), in bracket expressions: Bracket Expressions. (line 17) * backslash (\), in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 6) * backslash (\), in escape sequences, POSIX and: Escape Sequences. - (line 118) + (line 120) * backslash (\), in regexp constants: Computed Regexps. (line 29) * backslash (\), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) * backslash (\), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 18) @@ -31837,7 +31912,7 @@ Index (line 67) * Brian Kernighan's awk <12>: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 83) -* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 122) +* Brian Kernighan's awk <13>: Escape Sequences. (line 124) * Brian Kernighan's awk: When. (line 21) * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions: BTL. (line 6) * Brian Kernighan's awk, source code: Other Versions. (line 13) @@ -32031,7 +32106,7 @@ Index * cosine: Numeric Functions. (line 15) * counting: Wc Program. (line 6) * csh utility: Statements/Lines. (line 44) -* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 356) +* csh utility, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 354) * csh utility, |& operator, comparison with: Two-way I/O. (line 25) * ctime() user-defined function: Function Example. (line 74) * currency symbols, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -32062,13 +32137,13 @@ Index * dark corner, CONVFMT variable: Strings And Numbers. (line 40) * dark corner, escape sequences: Other Arguments. (line 38) * dark corner, escape sequences, for metacharacters: Escape Sequences. - (line 140) + (line 142) * dark corner, exit statement: Exit Statement. (line 30) * dark corner, field separators: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 98) * dark corner, FILENAME variable: Getline Notes. (line 19) -* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 313) +* dark corner, FNR/NR variables: Auto-set. (line 321) * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters. (line 18) * dark corner, FS as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) @@ -32216,7 +32291,7 @@ Index * debugger, read commands from a file: Debugger Info. (line 96) * debugging awk programs: Debugger. (line 6) * debugging gawk, bug reports: Bugs. (line 9) -* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 272) +* decimal point character, locale specific: Options. (line 270) * decrement operators: Increment Ops. (line 35) * default keyword: Switch Statement. (line 6) * Deifik, Scott <1>: Bugs. (line 72) @@ -32255,12 +32330,12 @@ Index (line 81) * differences in awk and gawk, command-line directories: Command-line directories. (line 6) -* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* differences in awk and gawk, ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * differences in awk and gawk, error messages: Special FD. (line 19) * differences in awk and gawk, FIELDWIDTHS variable: User-modified. (line 37) * differences in awk and gawk, FPAT variable: User-modified. (line 43) -* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 115) +* differences in awk and gawk, FUNCTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 123) * differences in awk and gawk, function arguments (gawk): Calling Built-in. (line 16) * differences in awk and gawk, getline command: Getline. (line 19) @@ -32283,7 +32358,7 @@ Index (line 262) * differences in awk and gawk, print/printf statements: Format Modifiers. (line 13) -* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 129) +* differences in awk and gawk, PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 137) * differences in awk and gawk, read timeouts: Read Timeout. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, record separators: awk split records. (line 125) @@ -32293,7 +32368,7 @@ Index (line 26) * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records. (line 58) -* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 264) +* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set. (line 272) * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields. (line 6) * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions. @@ -32301,7 +32376,7 @@ Index * differences in awk and gawk, strings: Scalar Constants. (line 20) * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records. (line 77) -* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 268) +* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set. (line 276) * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified. (line 151) * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops. @@ -32317,6 +32392,7 @@ Index * display debugger command: Viewing And Changing Data. (line 8) * display debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 57) +* div: Numeric Functions. (line 18) * division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * do-while statement: Do Statement. (line 6) * do-while statement, use of regexps in: Regexp Usage. (line 19) @@ -32341,8 +32417,8 @@ Index * dynamically loaded extensions: Dynamic Extensions. (line 6) * e debugger command (alias for enable): Breakpoint Control. (line 73) * EBCDIC: Ordinal Functions. (line 45) -* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 134) -* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 138) +* effective group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 142) +* effective user ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 146) * egrep utility <1>: Egrep Program. (line 6) * egrep utility: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * egrep.awk program: Egrep Program. (line 54) @@ -32397,13 +32473,13 @@ Index (line 11) * EREs (Extended Regular Expressions): Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * ERRNO variable <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 74) +* ERRNO variable: Auto-set. (line 82) * ERRNO variable, with BEGINFILE pattern: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * ERRNO variable, with close() function: Close Files And Pipes. (line 140) * ERRNO variable, with getline command: Getline. (line 19) * error handling: Special FD. (line 19) -* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 74) +* error handling, ERRNO variable and: Auto-set. (line 82) * error output: Special FD. (line 6) * escape processing, gsub()/gensub()/sub() functions: Gory Details. (line 6) @@ -32436,10 +32512,10 @@ Index * exit status, of VMS: VMS Running. (line 29) * exit the debugger: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands. (line 99) -* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exp: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expand utility: Very Simple. (line 72) * Expat XML parser library: gawkextlib. (line 31) -* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 18) +* exponent: Numeric Functions. (line 33) * expressions: Expressions. (line 6) * expressions, as patterns: Expression Patterns. (line 6) * expressions, assignment: Assignment Ops. (line 6) @@ -32457,7 +32533,7 @@ Index (line 6) * extension API version: Extension Versioning. (line 6) -* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 231) +* extension API, version number: Auto-set. (line 239) * extension example: Extension Example. (line 6) * extension registration: Registration Functions. (line 6) @@ -32539,7 +32615,7 @@ Index * file names, distinguishing: Auto-set. (line 56) * file names, in compatibility mode: Special Caveats. (line 9) * file names, standard streams in gawk: Special FD. (line 48) -* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 90) +* FILENAME variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 98) * FILENAME variable: Reading Files. (line 6) * FILENAME variable, getline, setting with: Getline Notes. (line 19) * filenames, assignments as: Ignoring Assigns. (line 6) @@ -32607,9 +32683,9 @@ Index * flush buffered output: I/O Functions. (line 28) * fnmatch() extension function: Extension Sample Fnmatch. (line 12) -* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 99) +* FNR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 107) * FNR variable: Records. (line 6) -* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 313) +* FNR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 321) * for statement: For Statement. (line 6) * for statement, looping over arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 20) * fork() extension function: Extension Sample Fork. @@ -32646,7 +32722,7 @@ Index * FS variable, --field-separator option and: Options. (line 21) * FS variable, as null string: Single Character Fields. (line 20) -* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 268) +* FS variable, as TAB character: Options. (line 266) * FS variable, changing value of: Field Separators. (line 35) * FS variable, running awk programs and: Cut Program. (line 63) * FS variable, setting from command line: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -32659,7 +32735,7 @@ Index * FSF (Free Software Foundation): Manual History. (line 6) * fts() extension function: Extension Sample File Functions. (line 61) -* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 115) +* FUNCTAB array: Auto-set. (line 123) * function calls: Function Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect: Indirect Calls. (line 6) * function calls, indirect, @-notation for: Indirect Calls. (line 47) @@ -32709,7 +32785,7 @@ Index * G-d: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Garfinkle, Scott: Contributors. (line 34) * gawk program, dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 179) -* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 206) +* gawk version: Auto-set. (line 214) * gawk, ARGIND variable in: Other Arguments. (line 15) * gawk, awk and <1>: This Manual. (line 14) * gawk, awk and: Preface. (line 21) @@ -32727,13 +32803,13 @@ Index * gawk, distribution: Distribution contents. (line 6) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <1>: TCP/IP Networking. (line 54) -* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 74) +* gawk, ERRNO variable in <2>: Auto-set. (line 82) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <3>: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE. (line 26) * gawk, ERRNO variable in <4>: Close Files And Pipes. (line 140) * gawk, ERRNO variable in: Getline. (line 19) -* gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 130) -* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 256) +* gawk, escape sequences: Escape Sequences. (line 132) +* gawk, extensions, disabling: Options. (line 254) * gawk, features, adding: Adding Code. (line 6) * gawk, features, advanced: Advanced Features. (line 6) * gawk, field separators and: User-modified. (line 71) @@ -32744,7 +32820,7 @@ Index * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>: User-modified. (line 43) * gawk, FPAT variable in: Splitting By Content. (line 27) -* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 115) +* gawk, FUNCTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 123) * gawk, function arguments and: Calling Built-in. (line 16) * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 42) * gawk, IGNORECASE variable in <1>: Array Sorting Functions. @@ -32776,7 +32852,7 @@ Index * gawk, predefined variables and: Built-in Variables. (line 14) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <1>: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * gawk, PROCINFO array in <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 129) +* gawk, PROCINFO array in: Auto-set. (line 137) * gawk, regexp constants and: Using Constant Regexps. (line 28) * gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity: Case-sensitivity. @@ -32784,18 +32860,18 @@ Index * gawk, regular expressions, operators: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 6) * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators. (line 161) -* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 264) +* gawk, RT variable in <1>: Auto-set. (line 272) * gawk, RT variable in <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * gawk, RT variable in: awk split records. (line 125) * gawk, See Also awk: Preface. (line 34) * gawk, source code, obtaining: Getting. (line 6) * gawk, splitting fields and: Constant Size. (line 88) * gawk, string-translation functions: I18N Functions. (line 6) -* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 268) +* gawk, SYMTAB array in: Auto-set. (line 276) * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in: User-modified. (line 151) * gawk, timestamps: Time Functions. (line 6) * gawk, uses for: Preface. (line 34) -* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 302) +* gawk, versions of, information about, printing: Options. (line 300) * gawk, VMS version of: VMS Installation. (line 6) * gawk, word-boundary operator: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 63) @@ -32877,7 +32953,7 @@ Index * Grigera, Juan: Contributors. (line 57) * group database, reading: Group Functions. (line 6) * group file: Group Functions. (line 6) -* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 179) +* group ID of gawk user: Auto-set. (line 187) * groups, information about: Group Functions. (line 6) * gsub <1>: String Functions. (line 139) * gsub: Using Constant Regexps. @@ -32978,7 +33054,7 @@ Index * installation, VMS: VMS Installation. (line 6) * installing gawk: Installation. (line 6) * instruction tracing, in debugger: Debugger Info. (line 89) -* int: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* int: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * INT signal (MS-Windows): Profiling. (line 214) * integer array indices: Numeric Array Subscripts. (line 31) @@ -33107,7 +33183,7 @@ Index * lint checking, empty programs: Command Line. (line 16) * lint checking, issuing warnings: Options. (line 185) * lint checking, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. - (line 341) + (line 339) * lint checking, undefined functions: Pass By Value/Reference. (line 88) * LINT variable: User-modified. (line 88) @@ -33123,14 +33199,14 @@ Index * loading, extensions: Options. (line 173) * local variables, in a function: Variable Scope. (line 6) * locale categories: Explaining gettext. (line 81) -* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 272) +* locale decimal point character: Options. (line 270) * locale, definition of: Locales. (line 6) * localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) * localization, See internationalization, localization: I18N and L10N. (line 6) -* log: Numeric Functions. (line 30) +* log: Numeric Functions. (line 45) * log files, timestamps in: Time Functions. (line 6) -* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 30) +* logarithm: Numeric Functions. (line 45) * logical false/true: Truth Values. (line 6) * logical operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops. (line 6) * login information: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33171,8 +33247,8 @@ Index * mawk utility <2>: Nextfile Statement. (line 47) * mawk utility <3>: Concatenation. (line 36) * mawk utility <4>: Getline/Pipe. (line 62) -* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 130) -* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 220) +* mawk utility: Escape Sequences. (line 132) +* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 228) * McIlroy, Doug: Glossary. (line 149) * McPhee, Patrick: Contributors. (line 100) * message object files: Explaining gettext. (line 42) @@ -33184,8 +33260,8 @@ Index (line 54) * messages from extensions: Printing Messages. (line 6) * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators. (line 6) -* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 136) -* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 223) +* metacharacters, escape sequences for: Escape Sequences. (line 138) +* minimum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 231) * mktime: Time Functions. (line 25) * modifiers, in format specifiers: Format Modifiers. (line 6) * monetary information, localization: Explaining gettext. (line 104) @@ -33205,7 +33281,7 @@ Index * networks, programming: TCP/IP Networking. (line 6) * networks, support for: Special Network. (line 6) * newlines <1>: Boolean Ops. (line 69) -* newlines <2>: Options. (line 262) +* newlines <2>: Options. (line 260) * newlines: Statements/Lines. (line 6) * newlines, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) @@ -33234,7 +33310,7 @@ Index (line 47) * nexti debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 49) -* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 104) +* NF variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 112) * NF variable: Fields. (line 33) * NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 107) * ni debugger command (alias for nexti): Debugger Execution Control. @@ -33243,9 +33319,9 @@ Index * non-existent array elements: Reference to Elements. (line 23) * not Boolean-logic operator: Boolean Ops. (line 6) -* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 124) +* NR variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 132) * NR variable: Records. (line 6) -* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 313) +* NR variable, changing: Auto-set. (line 321) * null strings <1>: Basic Data Typing. (line 26) * null strings <2>: Truth Values. (line 6) * null strings <3>: Regexp Field Splitting. @@ -33359,7 +33435,7 @@ Index * p debugger command (alias for print): Viewing And Changing Data. (line 36) * Papadopoulos, Panos: Contributors. (line 128) -* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 188) +* parent process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 196) * parentheses (), in a profile: Profiling. (line 146) * parentheses (), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 81) * password file: Passwd Functions. (line 16) @@ -33401,14 +33477,14 @@ Index * plus sign (+), += operator: Assignment Ops. (line 82) * plus sign (+), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 105) * pointers to functions: Indirect Calls. (line 6) -* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 100) +* portability: Escape Sequences. (line 102) * portability, #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts. (line 33) * portability, ** operator and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 81) * portability, **= operator and: Assignment Ops. (line 143) * portability, ARGV variable: Executable Scripts. (line 59) * portability, backslash continuation and: Statements/Lines. (line 30) * portability, backslash in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. - (line 118) + (line 120) * portability, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 81) * portability, data files as single record: gawk split records. @@ -33426,7 +33502,7 @@ Index * portability, NF variable, decrementing: Changing Fields. (line 115) * portability, operators: Increment Ops. (line 60) * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence. (line 98) -* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 361) +* portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 359) * portability, substr() function: String Functions. (line 511) * portable object files <1>: Translator i18n. (line 6) * portable object files: Explaining gettext. (line 37) @@ -33447,7 +33523,7 @@ Index * POSIX awk, < operator and: Getline/File. (line 26) * POSIX awk, arithmetic operators and: Arithmetic Ops. (line 30) * POSIX awk, backslashes in string constants: Escape Sequences. - (line 118) + (line 120) * POSIX awk, BEGIN/END patterns: I/O And BEGIN/END. (line 16) * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and: Bracket Expressions. (line 26) * POSIX awk, bracket expressions and, character classes: Bracket Expressions. @@ -33475,11 +33551,11 @@ Index * POSIX awk, regular expressions and: Regexp Operators. (line 161) * POSIX awk, timestamps and: Time Functions. (line 6) * POSIX awk, | I/O operator and: Getline/Pipe. (line 55) -* POSIX mode: Options. (line 256) +* POSIX mode: Options. (line 254) * POSIX, awk and: Preface. (line 21) * POSIX, gawk extensions not included in: POSIX/GNU. (line 6) * POSIX, programs, implementing in awk: Clones. (line 6) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 341) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 339) * PREC variable: User-modified. (line 123) * precedence <1>: Precedence. (line 6) * precedence: Increment Ops. (line 60) @@ -33526,24 +33602,24 @@ Index * printing, unduplicated lines of text: Uniq Program. (line 6) * printing, user information: Id Program. (line 6) * private variables: Library Names. (line 11) -* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 182) -* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 185) +* process group idIDof gawk process: Auto-set. (line 190) +* process ID of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 193) * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O. (line 6) * processing data: Basic High Level. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <1>: Passwd Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array <2>: Time Functions. (line 47) -* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 129) +* PROCINFO array: Auto-set. (line 137) * PROCINFO array, and communications via ptys: Two-way I/O. (line 99) * PROCINFO array, and group membership: Group Functions. (line 6) * PROCINFO array, and user and group ID numbers: Id Program. (line 15) * PROCINFO array, testing the field splitting: Passwd Functions. (line 154) -* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 241) +* PROCINFO array, uses: Auto-set. (line 249) * PROCINFO, values of sorted_in: Controlling Scanning. (line 26) * profiling awk programs: Profiling. (line 6) * profiling awk programs, dynamically: Profiling. (line 179) -* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 147) +* program identifiers: Auto-set. (line 155) * program, definition of: Getting Started. (line 21) * programming conventions, --non-decimal-data option: Nondecimal Data. (line 35) @@ -33587,12 +33663,12 @@ Index * Rakitzis, Byron: History Sorting. (line 25) * Ramey, Chet <1>: General Data Types. (line 6) * Ramey, Chet: Acknowledgments. (line 60) -* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 35) +* rand: Numeric Functions. (line 50) * random numbers, Cliff: Cliff Random Function. (line 6) * random numbers, rand()/srand() functions: Numeric Functions. - (line 35) -* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 65) + (line 50) +* random numbers, seed of: Numeric Functions. (line 80) * range expressions (regexps): Bracket Expressions. (line 6) * range patterns: Ranges. (line 6) * range patterns, line continuation and: Ranges. (line 65) @@ -33661,7 +33737,7 @@ Index (line 59) * regular expressions, gawk, command-line options: GNU Regexp Operators. (line 70) -* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 281) +* regular expressions, interval expressions and: Options. (line 279) * regular expressions, leftmost longest match: Leftmost Longest. (line 6) * regular expressions, operators <1>: Regexp Operators. (line 6) @@ -33701,7 +33777,7 @@ Index * right shift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) * right shift, bitwise: Bitwise Functions. (line 32) * Ritchie, Dennis: Basic Data Typing. (line 54) -* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 251) +* RLENGTH variable: Auto-set. (line 259) * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 227) * Robbins, Arnold <1>: Future Extensions. (line 6) * Robbins, Arnold <2>: Bugs. (line 72) @@ -33719,7 +33795,7 @@ Index * Robbins, Miriam <2>: Getline/Pipe. (line 39) * Robbins, Miriam: Acknowledgments. (line 94) * Rommel, Kai Uwe: Contributors. (line 42) -* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 23) +* round to nearest integer: Numeric Functions. (line 38) * round() user-defined function: Round Function. (line 16) * rounding numbers: Round Function. (line 6) * ROUNDMODE variable: User-modified. (line 127) @@ -33727,9 +33803,9 @@ Index * RS variable: awk split records. (line 12) * RS variable, multiline records and: Multiple Line. (line 17) * rshift: Bitwise Functions. (line 53) -* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 257) +* RSTART variable: Auto-set. (line 265) * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions. (line 227) -* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 264) +* RT variable <1>: Auto-set. (line 272) * RT variable <2>: Multiple Line. (line 129) * RT variable: awk split records. (line 125) * Rubin, Paul <1>: Contributors. (line 15) @@ -33742,14 +33818,14 @@ Index (line 68) * sample debugging session: Sample Debugging Session. (line 6) -* sandbox mode: Options. (line 288) +* sandbox mode: Options. (line 286) * save debugger options: Debugger Info. (line 84) * scalar or array: Type Functions. (line 11) * scalar values: Basic Data Typing. (line 13) * scanning arrays: Scanning an Array. (line 6) * scanning multidimensional arrays: Multiscanning. (line 11) * Schorr, Andrew <1>: Contributors. (line 133) -* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 296) +* Schorr, Andrew <2>: Auto-set. (line 304) * Schorr, Andrew: Acknowledgments. (line 60) * Schreiber, Bert: Acknowledgments. (line 38) * Schreiber, Rita: Acknowledgments. (line 38) @@ -33769,7 +33845,7 @@ Index * sed utility <2>: Simple Sed. (line 6) * sed utility: Field Splitting Summary. (line 46) -* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 65) +* seeding random number generator: Numeric Functions. (line 80) * semicolon (;), AWKPATH variable and: PC Using. (line 10) * semicolon (;), separating statements in actions <1>: Statements. (line 10) @@ -33830,14 +33906,14 @@ Index * sidebar, A Constant's Base Does Not Affect Its Value: Nondecimal-numbers. (line 64) * sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters: Escape Sequences. - (line 116) + (line 118) * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Field Splitting Summary. (line 38) -* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 311) +* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR: Auto-set. (line 319) * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions. (line 137) * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences. - (line 134) + (line 136) * sidebar, FS and IGNORECASE: Field Splitting Summary. (line 64) * sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering: I/O Functions. @@ -33870,8 +33946,8 @@ Index * SIGUSR1 signal, for dynamic profiling: Profiling. (line 188) * silent debugger command: Debugger Execution Control. (line 10) -* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 76) -* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 76) +* sin: Numeric Functions. (line 91) +* sine: Numeric Functions. (line 91) * single quote ('): One-shot. (line 15) * single quote (') in gawk command lines: Long. (line 35) * single quote ('), in shell commands: Quoting. (line 48) @@ -33921,10 +33997,10 @@ Index * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified. (line 113) * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function. (line 6) -* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 79) +* sqrt: Numeric Functions. (line 94) * square brackets ([]), regexp operator: Regexp Operators. (line 56) -* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 79) -* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 83) +* square root: Numeric Functions. (line 94) +* srand: Numeric Functions. (line 98) * stack frame: Debugging Terms. (line 10) * Stallman, Richard <1>: Glossary. (line 296) * Stallman, Richard <2>: Contributors. (line 23) @@ -33996,9 +34072,9 @@ Index * substr: String Functions. (line 480) * substring: String Functions. (line 480) * Sumner, Andrew: Other Versions. (line 64) -* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 236) +* supplementary groups of gawk process: Auto-set. (line 244) * switch statement: Switch Statement. (line 6) -* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 268) +* SYMTAB array: Auto-set. (line 276) * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops. (line 148) * system: I/O Functions. (line 74) @@ -34065,7 +34141,7 @@ Index (line 37) * troubleshooting, awk uses FS not IFS: Field Separators. (line 30) * troubleshooting, backslash before nonspecial character: Escape Sequences. - (line 118) + (line 120) * troubleshooting, division: Arithmetic Ops. (line 44) * troubleshooting, fatal errors, field widths, specifying: Constant Size. (line 23) @@ -34121,7 +34197,7 @@ Index * uniq.awk program: Uniq Program. (line 65) * Unix: Glossary. (line 611) * Unix awk, backslashes in escape sequences: Escape Sequences. - (line 130) + (line 132) * Unix awk, close() function and: Close Files And Pipes. (line 132) * Unix awk, password files, field separators and: Command Line Field Separator. @@ -34175,10 +34251,10 @@ Index * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts. (line 6) * variables, user-defined: Variables. (line 6) -* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 206) -* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 231) -* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 217) -* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 213) +* version of gawk: Auto-set. (line 214) +* version of gawk extension API: Auto-set. (line 239) +* version of GNU MP library: Auto-set. (line 225) +* version of GNU MPFR library: Auto-set. (line 221) * vertical bar (|): Regexp Operators. (line 70) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence. (line 65) * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O): Getline/Pipe. (line 9) @@ -34215,7 +34291,7 @@ Index * whitespace, as field separators: Default Field Splitting. (line 6) * whitespace, functions, calling: Calling Built-in. (line 10) -* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 262) +* whitespace, newlines as: Options. (line 260) * Williams, Kent: Contributors. (line 34) * Woehlke, Matthew: Contributors. (line 79) * Woods, John: Contributors. (line 27) @@ -34308,518 +34384,518 @@ Node: Intro Summary111987 Node: Invoking Gawk112870 Node: Command Line114385 Node: Options115176 -Ref: Options-Footnote-1131071 -Node: Other Arguments131096 -Node: Naming Standard Input134057 -Node: Environment Variables135150 -Node: AWKPATH Variable135708 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1138560 -Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2138605 -Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable138865 -Node: Other Environment Variables139624 -Node: Exit Status143344 -Node: Include Files144019 -Node: Loading Shared Libraries147607 -Node: Obsolete149034 -Node: Undocumented149731 -Node: Invoking Summary149998 -Node: Regexp151664 -Node: Regexp Usage153123 -Node: Escape Sequences155156 -Node: Regexp Operators161173 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1168607 -Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2168754 -Node: Bracket Expressions168852 -Ref: table-char-classes170869 -Node: Leftmost Longest173809 -Node: Computed Regexps175111 -Node: GNU Regexp Operators178508 -Node: Case-sensitivity182210 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1185100 -Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2185335 -Node: Regexp Summary185443 -Node: Reading Files186912 -Node: Records189006 -Node: awk split records189738 -Node: gawk split records194652 -Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1199191 -Node: Fields199228 -Ref: Fields-Footnote-1202026 -Node: Nonconstant Fields202112 -Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1204348 -Node: Changing Fields204550 -Node: Field Separators210482 -Node: Default Field Splitting213186 -Node: Regexp Field Splitting214303 -Node: Single Character Fields217653 -Node: Command Line Field Separator218712 -Node: Full Line Fields221924 -Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1222432 -Node: Field Splitting Summary222478 -Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1225609 -Node: Constant Size225710 -Node: Splitting By Content230316 -Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1234389 -Node: Multiple Line234429 -Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1240318 -Node: Getline240497 -Node: Plain Getline242708 -Node: Getline/Variable245348 -Node: Getline/File246495 -Node: Getline/Variable/File247879 -Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1249480 -Node: Getline/Pipe249567 -Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe252250 -Node: Getline/Coprocess253381 -Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess254633 -Node: Getline Notes255372 -Node: Getline Summary258164 -Ref: table-getline-variants258576 -Node: Read Timeout259405 -Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1263219 -Node: Command-line directories263277 -Node: Input Summary264181 -Node: Input Exercises267433 -Node: Printing268161 -Node: Print269938 -Node: Print Examples271395 -Node: Output Separators274174 -Node: OFMT276192 -Node: Printf277546 -Node: Basic Printf278331 -Node: Control Letters279902 -Node: Format Modifiers283886 -Node: Printf Examples289893 -Node: Redirection292375 -Node: Special FD299214 -Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1302371 -Node: Special Files302445 -Node: Other Inherited Files303061 -Node: Special Network304061 -Node: Special Caveats304922 -Node: Close Files And Pipes305873 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1313052 -Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2313200 -Node: Output Summary313350 -Node: Output Exercises314346 -Node: Expressions315026 -Node: Values316211 -Node: Constants316887 -Node: Scalar Constants317567 -Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1318426 -Node: Nondecimal-numbers318676 -Node: Regexp Constants321676 -Node: Using Constant Regexps322201 -Node: Variables325339 -Node: Using Variables325994 -Node: Assignment Options327904 -Node: Conversion329779 -Node: Strings And Numbers330303 -Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1333367 -Node: Locale influences conversions333476 -Ref: table-locale-affects336221 -Node: All Operators336809 -Node: Arithmetic Ops337439 -Node: Concatenation339944 -Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1342763 -Node: Assignment Ops342869 -Ref: table-assign-ops347852 -Node: Increment Ops349130 -Node: Truth Values and Conditions352568 -Node: Truth Values353651 -Node: Typing and Comparison354700 -Node: Variable Typing355493 -Node: Comparison Operators359145 -Ref: table-relational-ops359555 -Node: POSIX String Comparison363070 -Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1364142 -Node: Boolean Ops364280 -Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1368759 -Node: Conditional Exp368850 -Node: Function Calls370577 -Node: Precedence374457 -Node: Locales378125 -Node: Expressions Summary379756 -Node: Patterns and Actions382330 -Node: Pattern Overview383450 -Node: Regexp Patterns385129 -Node: Expression Patterns385672 -Node: Ranges389452 -Node: BEGIN/END392558 -Node: Using BEGIN/END393320 -Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1396057 -Node: I/O And BEGIN/END396163 -Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE398477 -Node: Empty401378 -Node: Using Shell Variables401695 -Node: Action Overview403971 -Node: Statements406298 -Node: If Statement408146 -Node: While Statement409644 -Node: Do Statement411672 -Node: For Statement412814 -Node: Switch Statement415969 -Node: Break Statement418357 -Node: Continue Statement420398 -Node: Next Statement422223 -Node: Nextfile Statement424603 -Node: Exit Statement427233 -Node: Built-in Variables429636 -Node: User-modified430769 -Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1438449 -Node: Auto-set438511 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1451541 -Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2451746 -Node: ARGC and ARGV451802 -Node: Pattern Action Summary456006 -Node: Arrays458433 -Node: Array Basics459762 -Node: Array Intro460606 -Ref: figure-array-elements462570 -Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1465094 -Node: Reference to Elements465222 -Node: Assigning Elements467672 -Node: Array Example468163 -Node: Scanning an Array469921 -Node: Controlling Scanning472937 -Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1478126 -Node: Numeric Array Subscripts478442 -Node: Uninitialized Subscripts480627 -Node: Delete482244 -Ref: Delete-Footnote-1484988 -Node: Multidimensional485045 -Node: Multiscanning488140 -Node: Arrays of Arrays489729 -Node: Arrays Summary494490 -Node: Functions496595 -Node: Built-in497468 -Node: Calling Built-in498546 -Node: Numeric Functions500534 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1504556 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2504913 -Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3504961 -Node: String Functions505230 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1528702 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2528831 -Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3529079 -Node: Gory Details529166 -Ref: table-sub-escapes530947 -Ref: table-sub-proposed532467 -Ref: table-posix-sub533831 -Ref: table-gensub-escapes535371 -Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1536203 -Node: I/O Functions536354 -Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1543455 -Node: Time Functions543602 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1554071 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2554139 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3554297 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4554408 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5554520 -Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6554747 -Node: Bitwise Functions555013 -Ref: table-bitwise-ops555575 -Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1559883 -Node: Type Functions560052 -Node: I18N Functions561201 -Node: User-defined562846 -Node: Definition Syntax563650 -Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1569056 -Node: Function Example569125 -Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1572042 -Node: Function Caveats572064 -Node: Calling A Function572582 -Node: Variable Scope573537 -Node: Pass By Value/Reference576525 -Node: Return Statement580035 -Node: Dynamic Typing583019 -Node: Indirect Calls583948 -Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1595252 -Node: Functions Summary595380 -Node: Library Functions598079 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1601697 -Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2601840 -Node: Library Names602011 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1605471 -Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2605691 -Node: General Functions605777 -Node: Strtonum Function606880 -Node: Assert Function609900 -Node: Round Function613224 -Node: Cliff Random Function614765 -Node: Ordinal Functions615781 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1618846 -Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2619098 -Node: Join Function619309 -Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1621080 -Node: Getlocaltime Function621280 -Node: Readfile Function625021 -Node: Shell Quoting626991 -Node: Data File Management628392 -Node: Filetrans Function629024 -Node: Rewind Function633083 -Node: File Checking634468 -Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1635796 -Node: Empty Files635997 -Node: Ignoring Assigns637976 -Node: Getopt Function639527 -Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1650987 -Node: Passwd Functions651190 -Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1660041 -Node: Group Functions660129 -Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1668032 -Node: Walking Arrays668245 -Node: Library Functions Summary669848 -Node: Library Exercises671249 -Node: Sample Programs672529 -Node: Running Examples673299 -Node: Clones674027 -Node: Cut Program675251 -Node: Egrep Program684981 -Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1692485 -Node: Id Program692595 -Node: Split Program696239 -Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1699685 -Node: Tee Program699813 -Node: Uniq Program702600 -Node: Wc Program710021 -Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1714269 -Node: Miscellaneous Programs714361 -Node: Dupword Program715574 -Node: Alarm Program717605 -Node: Translate Program722409 -Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1726973 -Node: Labels Program727243 -Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1730592 -Node: Word Sorting730676 -Node: History Sorting734746 -Node: Extract Program736582 -Node: Simple Sed744114 -Node: Igawk Program747176 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1761502 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2761703 -Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3761825 -Node: Anagram Program761940 -Node: Signature Program765002 -Node: Programs Summary766249 -Node: Programs Exercises767442 -Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1771573 -Node: Advanced Features771664 -Node: Nondecimal Data773612 -Node: Array Sorting775202 -Node: Controlling Array Traversal775899 -Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1784230 -Node: Array Sorting Functions784348 -Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1788240 -Node: Two-way I/O788434 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1793378 -Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2793564 -Node: TCP/IP Networking793646 -Node: Profiling796518 -Node: Advanced Features Summary804062 -Node: Internationalization805995 -Node: I18N and L10N807475 -Node: Explaining gettext808161 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1813190 -Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2813374 -Node: Programmer i18n813539 -Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1818405 -Node: Translator i18n818454 -Node: String Extraction819248 -Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1820379 -Node: Printf Ordering820465 -Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1823251 -Node: I18N Portability823315 -Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1825764 -Node: I18N Example825827 -Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1828627 -Node: Gawk I18N828699 -Node: I18N Summary829337 -Node: Debugger830676 -Node: Debugging831698 -Node: Debugging Concepts832139 -Node: Debugging Terms833996 -Node: Awk Debugging836571 -Node: Sample Debugging Session837463 -Node: Debugger Invocation837983 -Node: Finding The Bug839367 -Node: List of Debugger Commands845842 -Node: Breakpoint Control847174 -Node: Debugger Execution Control850866 -Node: Viewing And Changing Data854230 -Node: Execution Stack857595 -Node: Debugger Info859233 -Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands863250 -Node: Readline Support868442 -Node: Limitations869334 -Node: Debugging Summary871431 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic872599 -Node: Computer Arithmetic874015 -Ref: table-numeric-ranges877616 -Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1878475 -Node: Math Definitions878532 -Ref: table-ieee-formats881819 -Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1882423 -Node: MPFR features882528 -Node: FP Math Caution884199 -Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1885249 -Node: Inexactness of computations885618 -Node: Inexact representation886566 -Node: Comparing FP Values887921 -Node: Errors accumulate888994 -Node: Getting Accuracy890427 -Node: Try To Round893086 -Node: Setting precision893985 -Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings894669 -Node: Setting the rounding mode896463 -Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes896827 -Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1900281 -Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers900460 -Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1903451 -Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems903600 -Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1907476 -Node: Floating point summary907514 -Node: Dynamic Extensions909706 -Node: Extension Intro911258 -Node: Plugin License912524 -Node: Extension Mechanism Outline913321 -Ref: figure-load-extension913749 -Ref: figure-register-new-function915229 -Ref: figure-call-new-function916233 -Node: Extension API Description918219 -Node: Extension API Functions Introduction919669 -Node: General Data Types924505 -Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1930192 -Node: Memory Allocation Functions930491 -Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1933321 -Node: Constructor Functions933417 -Node: Registration Functions935151 -Node: Extension Functions935836 -Node: Exit Callback Functions938132 -Node: Extension Version String939380 -Node: Input Parsers940030 -Node: Output Wrappers949845 -Node: Two-way processors954361 -Node: Printing Messages956565 -Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1957642 -Node: Updating `ERRNO'957794 -Node: Requesting Values958534 -Ref: table-value-types-returned959262 -Node: Accessing Parameters960220 -Node: Symbol Table Access961451 -Node: Symbol table by name961965 -Node: Symbol table by cookie963945 -Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1968084 -Node: Cached values968147 -Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1971651 -Node: Array Manipulation971742 -Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1972840 -Node: Array Data Types972879 -Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1975536 -Node: Array Functions975628 -Node: Flattening Arrays979482 -Node: Creating Arrays986369 -Node: Extension API Variables991136 -Node: Extension Versioning991772 -Node: Extension API Informational Variables993673 -Node: Extension API Boilerplate994761 -Node: Finding Extensions998577 -Node: Extension Example999137 -Node: Internal File Description999909 -Node: Internal File Ops1003976 -Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11015634 -Node: Using Internal File Ops1015774 -Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11018157 -Node: Extension Samples1018430 -Node: Extension Sample File Functions1019954 -Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1027556 -Node: Extension Sample Fork1029038 -Node: Extension Sample Inplace1030251 -Node: Extension Sample Ord1031926 -Node: Extension Sample Readdir1032762 -Ref: table-readdir-file-types1033618 -Node: Extension Sample Revout1034429 -Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1035020 -Node: Extension Sample Read write array1035761 -Node: Extension Sample Readfile1037700 -Node: Extension Sample Time1038795 -Node: Extension Sample API Tests1040144 -Node: gawkextlib1040635 -Node: Extension summary1043285 -Node: Extension Exercises1046967 -Node: Language History1047689 -Node: V7/SVR3.11049346 -Node: SVR41051527 -Node: POSIX1052972 -Node: BTL1054361 -Node: POSIX/GNU1055095 -Node: Feature History1060664 -Node: Common Extensions1073755 -Node: Ranges and Locales1075079 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11079718 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21079745 -Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31079979 -Node: Contributors1080200 -Node: History summary1085740 -Node: Installation1087109 -Node: Gawk Distribution1088065 -Node: Getting1088549 -Node: Extracting1089373 -Node: Distribution contents1091015 -Node: Unix Installation1096732 -Node: Quick Installation1097349 -Node: Additional Configuration Options1099780 -Node: Configuration Philosophy1101520 -Node: Non-Unix Installation1103871 -Node: PC Installation1104329 -Node: PC Binary Installation1105655 -Node: PC Compiling1107503 -Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11110524 -Node: PC Testing1110629 -Node: PC Using1111805 -Node: Cygwin1115920 -Node: MSYS1116743 -Node: VMS Installation1117241 -Node: VMS Compilation1118033 -Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11119255 -Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1119313 -Node: VMS Installation Details1120997 -Node: VMS Running1123249 -Node: VMS GNV1126090 -Node: VMS Old Gawk1126824 -Node: Bugs1127294 -Node: Other Versions1131198 -Node: Installation summary1137411 -Node: Notes1138467 -Node: Compatibility Mode1139332 -Node: Additions1140114 -Node: Accessing The Source1141039 -Node: Adding Code1142475 -Node: New Ports1148647 -Node: Derived Files1153129 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11158604 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21158638 -Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31159234 -Node: Future Extensions1159348 -Node: Implementation Limitations1159954 -Node: Extension Design1161202 -Node: Old Extension Problems1162356 -Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11163873 -Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1163930 -Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11167290 -Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1167479 -Node: Extension Future Growth1169587 -Node: Old Extension Mechanism1170423 -Node: Notes summary1172185 -Node: Basic Concepts1173371 -Node: Basic High Level1174052 -Ref: figure-general-flow1174324 -Ref: figure-process-flow1174923 -Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11178152 -Node: Basic Data Typing1178337 -Node: Glossary1181665 -Node: Copying1206823 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License1244379 -Node: Index1269515 +Ref: Options-Footnote-1130942 +Node: Other Arguments130967 +Node: Naming Standard Input133928 +Node: Environment Variables135021 +Node: AWKPATH Variable135579 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-1138431 +Ref: AWKPATH Variable-Footnote-2138476 +Node: AWKLIBPATH Variable138736 +Node: Other Environment Variables139495 +Node: Exit Status142986 +Node: Include Files143661 +Node: Loading Shared Libraries147249 +Node: Obsolete148676 +Node: Undocumented149373 +Node: Invoking Summary149640 +Node: Regexp151306 +Node: Regexp Usage152765 +Node: Escape Sequences154798 +Node: Regexp Operators160898 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-1168332 +Ref: Regexp Operators-Footnote-2168479 +Node: Bracket Expressions168577 +Ref: table-char-classes170594 +Node: Leftmost Longest173534 +Node: Computed Regexps174836 +Node: GNU Regexp Operators178233 +Node: Case-sensitivity181935 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-1184825 +Ref: Case-sensitivity-Footnote-2185060 +Node: Regexp Summary185168 +Node: Reading Files186637 +Node: Records188731 +Node: awk split records189463 +Node: gawk split records194377 +Ref: gawk split records-Footnote-1198916 +Node: Fields198953 +Ref: Fields-Footnote-1201751 +Node: Nonconstant Fields201837 +Ref: Nonconstant Fields-Footnote-1204073 +Node: Changing Fields204275 +Node: Field Separators210207 +Node: Default Field Splitting212911 +Node: Regexp Field Splitting214028 +Node: Single Character Fields217378 +Node: Command Line Field Separator218437 +Node: Full Line Fields221649 +Ref: Full Line Fields-Footnote-1222157 +Node: Field Splitting Summary222203 +Ref: Field Splitting Summary-Footnote-1225334 +Node: Constant Size225435 +Node: Splitting By Content230041 +Ref: Splitting By Content-Footnote-1234114 +Node: Multiple Line234154 +Ref: Multiple Line-Footnote-1240043 +Node: Getline240222 +Node: Plain Getline242433 +Node: Getline/Variable245073 +Node: Getline/File246220 +Node: Getline/Variable/File247604 +Ref: Getline/Variable/File-Footnote-1249205 +Node: Getline/Pipe249292 +Node: Getline/Variable/Pipe251975 +Node: Getline/Coprocess253106 +Node: Getline/Variable/Coprocess254358 +Node: Getline Notes255097 +Node: Getline Summary257889 +Ref: table-getline-variants258301 +Node: Read Timeout259130 +Ref: Read Timeout-Footnote-1262944 +Node: Command-line directories263002 +Node: Input Summary263906 +Node: Input Exercises267158 +Node: Printing267886 +Node: Print269663 +Node: Print Examples271120 +Node: Output Separators273899 +Node: OFMT275917 +Node: Printf277271 +Node: Basic Printf278056 +Node: Control Letters279627 +Node: Format Modifiers283611 +Node: Printf Examples289618 +Node: Redirection292100 +Node: Special FD298939 +Ref: Special FD-Footnote-1302096 +Node: Special Files302170 +Node: Other Inherited Files302786 +Node: Special Network303786 +Node: Special Caveats304647 +Node: Close Files And Pipes305598 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-1312777 +Ref: Close Files And Pipes-Footnote-2312925 +Node: Output Summary313075 +Node: Output Exercises314071 +Node: Expressions314751 +Node: Values315936 +Node: Constants316612 +Node: Scalar Constants317292 +Ref: Scalar Constants-Footnote-1318151 +Node: Nondecimal-numbers318401 +Node: Regexp Constants321401 +Node: Using Constant Regexps321926 +Node: Variables325064 +Node: Using Variables325719 +Node: Assignment Options327629 +Node: Conversion329504 +Node: Strings And Numbers330028 +Ref: Strings And Numbers-Footnote-1333092 +Node: Locale influences conversions333201 +Ref: table-locale-affects335946 +Node: All Operators336534 +Node: Arithmetic Ops337164 +Node: Concatenation339669 +Ref: Concatenation-Footnote-1342488 +Node: Assignment Ops342594 +Ref: table-assign-ops347577 +Node: Increment Ops348855 +Node: Truth Values and Conditions352293 +Node: Truth Values353376 +Node: Typing and Comparison354425 +Node: Variable Typing355218 +Node: Comparison Operators358870 +Ref: table-relational-ops359280 +Node: POSIX String Comparison362795 +Ref: POSIX String Comparison-Footnote-1363867 +Node: Boolean Ops364005 +Ref: Boolean Ops-Footnote-1368484 +Node: Conditional Exp368575 +Node: Function Calls370302 +Node: Precedence374182 +Node: Locales377850 +Node: Expressions Summary379481 +Node: Patterns and Actions382055 +Node: Pattern Overview383175 +Node: Regexp Patterns384854 +Node: Expression Patterns385397 +Node: Ranges389177 +Node: BEGIN/END392283 +Node: Using BEGIN/END393045 +Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1395782 +Node: I/O And BEGIN/END395888 +Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE398202 +Node: Empty401103 +Node: Using Shell Variables401420 +Node: Action Overview403696 +Node: Statements406023 +Node: If Statement407871 +Node: While Statement409369 +Node: Do Statement411397 +Node: For Statement412539 +Node: Switch Statement415694 +Node: Break Statement418082 +Node: Continue Statement420123 +Node: Next Statement421948 +Node: Nextfile Statement424328 +Node: Exit Statement426958 +Node: Built-in Variables429361 +Node: User-modified430494 +Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1438174 +Node: Auto-set438236 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1451603 +Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2451808 +Node: ARGC and ARGV451864 +Node: Pattern Action Summary456068 +Node: Arrays458495 +Node: Array Basics459824 +Node: Array Intro460668 +Ref: figure-array-elements462632 +Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1465156 +Node: Reference to Elements465284 +Node: Assigning Elements467734 +Node: Array Example468225 +Node: Scanning an Array469983 +Node: Controlling Scanning472999 +Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1478188 +Node: Numeric Array Subscripts478504 +Node: Uninitialized Subscripts480689 +Node: Delete482306 +Ref: Delete-Footnote-1485050 +Node: Multidimensional485107 +Node: Multiscanning488202 +Node: Arrays of Arrays489791 +Node: Arrays Summary494552 +Node: Functions496657 +Node: Built-in497530 +Node: Calling Built-in498608 +Node: Numeric Functions500596 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1505420 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2505777 +Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3505825 +Node: String Functions506094 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1529566 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2529695 +Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3529943 +Node: Gory Details530030 +Ref: table-sub-escapes531811 +Ref: table-sub-proposed533331 +Ref: table-posix-sub534695 +Ref: table-gensub-escapes536235 +Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1537067 +Node: I/O Functions537218 +Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1544319 +Node: Time Functions544466 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1554935 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2555003 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3555161 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4555272 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5555384 +Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6555611 +Node: Bitwise Functions555877 +Ref: table-bitwise-ops556439 +Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1560747 +Node: Type Functions560916 +Node: I18N Functions562065 +Node: User-defined563710 +Node: Definition Syntax564514 +Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1569920 +Node: Function Example569989 +Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1572906 +Node: Function Caveats572928 +Node: Calling A Function573446 +Node: Variable Scope574401 +Node: Pass By Value/Reference577389 +Node: Return Statement580899 +Node: Dynamic Typing583883 +Node: Indirect Calls584812 +Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1596116 +Node: Functions Summary596244 +Node: Library Functions598943 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1602561 +Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2602704 +Node: Library Names602875 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1606335 +Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2606555 +Node: General Functions606641 +Node: Strtonum Function607744 +Node: Assert Function610764 +Node: Round Function614088 +Node: Cliff Random Function615629 +Node: Ordinal Functions616645 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1619710 +Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2619962 +Node: Join Function620173 +Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1621944 +Node: Getlocaltime Function622144 +Node: Readfile Function625885 +Node: Shell Quoting627855 +Node: Data File Management629256 +Node: Filetrans Function629888 +Node: Rewind Function633947 +Node: File Checking635332 +Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1636660 +Node: Empty Files636861 +Node: Ignoring Assigns638840 +Node: Getopt Function640391 +Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1651851 +Node: Passwd Functions652054 +Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1660905 +Node: Group Functions660993 +Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1668896 +Node: Walking Arrays669109 +Node: Library Functions Summary670712 +Node: Library Exercises672113 +Node: Sample Programs673393 +Node: Running Examples674163 +Node: Clones674891 +Node: Cut Program676115 +Node: Egrep Program685845 +Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1693349 +Node: Id Program693459 +Node: Split Program697103 +Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1700549 +Node: Tee Program700677 +Node: Uniq Program703464 +Node: Wc Program710885 +Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1715133 +Node: Miscellaneous Programs715225 +Node: Dupword Program716438 +Node: Alarm Program718469 +Node: Translate Program723273 +Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1727837 +Node: Labels Program728107 +Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1731456 +Node: Word Sorting731540 +Node: History Sorting735610 +Node: Extract Program737446 +Node: Simple Sed744978 +Node: Igawk Program748040 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1762366 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2762567 +Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3762689 +Node: Anagram Program762804 +Node: Signature Program765866 +Node: Programs Summary767113 +Node: Programs Exercises768306 +Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1772437 +Node: Advanced Features772528 +Node: Nondecimal Data774476 +Node: Array Sorting776066 +Node: Controlling Array Traversal776763 +Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1785094 +Node: Array Sorting Functions785212 +Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1789104 +Node: Two-way I/O789298 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1794242 +Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2794428 +Node: TCP/IP Networking794510 +Node: Profiling797382 +Node: Advanced Features Summary804935 +Node: Internationalization806868 +Node: I18N and L10N808348 +Node: Explaining gettext809034 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1814063 +Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2814247 +Node: Programmer i18n814412 +Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1819278 +Node: Translator i18n819327 +Node: String Extraction820121 +Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1821252 +Node: Printf Ordering821338 +Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1824124 +Node: I18N Portability824188 +Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1826637 +Node: I18N Example826700 +Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1829500 +Node: Gawk I18N829572 +Node: I18N Summary830210 +Node: Debugger831549 +Node: Debugging832571 +Node: Debugging Concepts833012 +Node: Debugging Terms834869 +Node: Awk Debugging837444 +Node: Sample Debugging Session838336 +Node: Debugger Invocation838856 +Node: Finding The Bug840240 +Node: List of Debugger Commands846715 +Node: Breakpoint Control848047 +Node: Debugger Execution Control851739 +Node: Viewing And Changing Data855103 +Node: Execution Stack858468 +Node: Debugger Info860106 +Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands864123 +Node: Readline Support869315 +Node: Limitations870207 +Node: Debugging Summary872304 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic873472 +Node: Computer Arithmetic874888 +Ref: table-numeric-ranges878489 +Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1879348 +Node: Math Definitions879405 +Ref: table-ieee-formats882692 +Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1883296 +Node: MPFR features883401 +Node: FP Math Caution885072 +Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1886122 +Node: Inexactness of computations886491 +Node: Inexact representation887439 +Node: Comparing FP Values888794 +Node: Errors accumulate889867 +Node: Getting Accuracy891300 +Node: Try To Round893959 +Node: Setting precision894858 +Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings895542 +Node: Setting the rounding mode897336 +Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes897700 +Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1901154 +Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers901333 +Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1906237 +Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems906386 +Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1910262 +Node: Floating point summary910300 +Node: Dynamic Extensions912492 +Node: Extension Intro914044 +Node: Plugin License915310 +Node: Extension Mechanism Outline916107 +Ref: figure-load-extension916535 +Ref: figure-register-new-function918015 +Ref: figure-call-new-function919019 +Node: Extension API Description921005 +Node: Extension API Functions Introduction922455 +Node: General Data Types927291 +Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1932978 +Node: Memory Allocation Functions933277 +Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1936107 +Node: Constructor Functions936203 +Node: Registration Functions937937 +Node: Extension Functions938622 +Node: Exit Callback Functions940918 +Node: Extension Version String942166 +Node: Input Parsers942816 +Node: Output Wrappers952631 +Node: Two-way processors957147 +Node: Printing Messages959351 +Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1960428 +Node: Updating `ERRNO'960580 +Node: Requesting Values961320 +Ref: table-value-types-returned962048 +Node: Accessing Parameters963006 +Node: Symbol Table Access964237 +Node: Symbol table by name964751 +Node: Symbol table by cookie966731 +Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1970870 +Node: Cached values970933 +Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1974437 +Node: Array Manipulation974528 +Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1975626 +Node: Array Data Types975665 +Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1978322 +Node: Array Functions978414 +Node: Flattening Arrays982268 +Node: Creating Arrays989155 +Node: Extension API Variables993922 +Node: Extension Versioning994558 +Node: Extension API Informational Variables996459 +Node: Extension API Boilerplate997547 +Node: Finding Extensions1001363 +Node: Extension Example1001923 +Node: Internal File Description1002695 +Node: Internal File Ops1006762 +Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11018420 +Node: Using Internal File Ops1018560 +Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11020943 +Node: Extension Samples1021216 +Node: Extension Sample File Functions1022740 +Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1030342 +Node: Extension Sample Fork1031824 +Node: Extension Sample Inplace1033037 +Node: Extension Sample Ord1034712 +Node: Extension Sample Readdir1035548 +Ref: table-readdir-file-types1036404 +Node: Extension Sample Revout1037215 +Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1037806 +Node: Extension Sample Read write array1038547 +Node: Extension Sample Readfile1040486 +Node: Extension Sample Time1041581 +Node: Extension Sample API Tests1042930 +Node: gawkextlib1043421 +Node: Extension summary1046071 +Node: Extension Exercises1049753 +Node: Language History1050475 +Node: V7/SVR3.11052132 +Node: SVR41054313 +Node: POSIX1055758 +Node: BTL1057147 +Node: POSIX/GNU1057881 +Node: Feature History1063510 +Node: Common Extensions1076601 +Node: Ranges and Locales1077925 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11082564 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21082591 +Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31082825 +Node: Contributors1083046 +Node: History summary1088586 +Node: Installation1089955 +Node: Gawk Distribution1090911 +Node: Getting1091395 +Node: Extracting1092219 +Node: Distribution contents1093861 +Node: Unix Installation1099631 +Node: Quick Installation1100248 +Node: Additional Configuration Options1102679 +Node: Configuration Philosophy1104419 +Node: Non-Unix Installation1106770 +Node: PC Installation1107228 +Node: PC Binary Installation1108554 +Node: PC Compiling1110402 +Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11113423 +Node: PC Testing1113528 +Node: PC Using1114704 +Node: Cygwin1118819 +Node: MSYS1119642 +Node: VMS Installation1120140 +Node: VMS Compilation1120932 +Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11122154 +Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1122212 +Node: VMS Installation Details1123896 +Node: VMS Running1126148 +Node: VMS GNV1128989 +Node: VMS Old Gawk1129723 +Node: Bugs1130193 +Node: Other Versions1134097 +Node: Installation summary1140310 +Node: Notes1141366 +Node: Compatibility Mode1142231 +Node: Additions1143013 +Node: Accessing The Source1143938 +Node: Adding Code1145374 +Node: New Ports1151546 +Node: Derived Files1156028 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11161503 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21161537 +Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31162133 +Node: Future Extensions1162247 +Node: Implementation Limitations1162853 +Node: Extension Design1164101 +Node: Old Extension Problems1165255 +Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11166772 +Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1166829 +Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11170189 +Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1170378 +Node: Extension Future Growth1172486 +Node: Old Extension Mechanism1173322 +Node: Notes summary1175084 +Node: Basic Concepts1176270 +Node: Basic High Level1176951 +Ref: figure-general-flow1177223 +Ref: figure-process-flow1177822 +Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11181051 +Node: Basic Data Typing1181236 +Node: Glossary1184564 +Node: Copying1209722 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License1247278 +Node: Index1272414 End Tag Table |