Merge branch 'master' into feature/fix-comments

7 files changed, 491 insertions, 450 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index c58ea9d2..e4b9e780 100755
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 2018-11-26         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
+	* main.c (platform_name): Add os390. Treat Cygwin and Mac OS X
+	as POSIX, per discussion with the dev team.
+
+	Unrelated:
+
 	* profile.c (print_comment): Indent for chained comment.
 	* awkgram.y (load_library): Return early if just pretty printing.
 	(yylex): Fix handling of ?: and allow_newline etc.
diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 724a982c..3d025732 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+2018-11-26         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in (Auto-set) : Update values of PROCINFO["platform"].
+	(PC Using): Add to BINMODE discussion to always set it and
+	not worry about checking platforms. Per discussion with the dev team.
+
+2018-11-26         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: Document that split() third arg is like FS, if it's
+	a single character, that character is used, even if it's a
+	regexp metacharacter.
+	* gawk.1: Ditto.
+	Thanks to R <0xef967c36@gmail.com> for the report.
+
 2018-11-25         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in: Document PROCINFO["platform"].
diff --git a/doc/gawk.1 b/doc/gawk.1
index 17e25768..5caff79b 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.1
+++ b/doc/gawk.1
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 .		if \w'\(rq' .ds rq "\(rq
 .	\}
 .\}
-.TH GAWK 1 "Apr 08 2018" "Free Software Foundation" "Utility Commands"
+.TH GAWK 1 "Nov 26 2018" "Free Software Foundation" "Utility Commands"
 .SH NAME
 gawk \- pattern scanning and processing language
 .SH SYNOPSIS
@@ -3053,7 +3053,7 @@ is the possibly null separator that appeared after
 The value of
 .B seps[0]
 is the possibly null leading separator.
-\&\fRIf
+If
 .I r
 is omitted,
 .B FPAT
@@ -3093,7 +3093,7 @@ between
 .BI a[ i ]
 and
 .BI a[ i +1]\fR.
-\&\fRIf
+If
 .I r
 is a single space, then leading whitespace in
 .I s
@@ -3106,6 +3106,10 @@ where
 is the return value of
 .BI split( s ", " a ", " r ", " seps )\fR.
 Splitting behaves identically to field splitting, described above.
+In particular, if
+.I r
+is a single-character string, that string acts as the separator,
+even if it happens to be a regular expression metacharacter.
 .TP
 .BI sprintf( fmt , " expr-list" )
 Print
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 2c7bf82b..cd8b677c 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -11050,20 +11050,19 @@ they are not special:
           '"vms"'
                OpenVMS or Vax/VMS.
 
-          '"macosx"'
-               Mac OS X.
-
-          '"cygwin"'
           '"djgpp"'
           '"mingw"'
-               Microsoft Windows, using either Cygwin, DJGPP, or MinGW,
+               Microsoft Windows, using either DJGPP or MinGW,
                respectively.
 
           '"os2"'
                OS/2.
 
+          '"os390"'
+               OS/390.
+
           '"posix"'
-               GNU/Linux and legacy Unix systems.
+               GNU/Linux, Cygwin, Mac OS X, and legacy Unix systems.
 
      'PROCINFO["pgrpid"]'
           The process group ID of the current process.
@@ -12978,8 +12977,8 @@ Options::):
      into 'SEPS[N]', where N is the return value of 'split()' (i.e., the
      number of elements in ARRAY).
 
-     The 'split()' function splits strings into pieces in a manner
-     similar to the way input lines are split into fields.  For example:
+     The 'split()' function splits strings into pieces in the same way
+     that input lines are split into fields.  For example:
 
           split("cul-de-sac", a, "-", seps)
 
@@ -13003,7 +13002,9 @@ Options::):
      separated by runs of whitespace.  Also, as with input field
      splitting, if FIELDSEP is the null string, each individual
      character in the string is split into its own array element.
-     (c.e.)
+     (c.e.)  Additionally, if FIELDSEP is a single-character string,
+     that string acts as the separator, even if its value is a regular
+     expression metacharacter.
 
      Note, however, that 'RS' has no effect on the way 'split()' works.
      Even though 'RS = ""' causes the newline character to also be an
@@ -29370,6 +29371,12 @@ accomplished by using an appropriate '-v BINMODE=N' option on the
 command line.  'BINMODE' is set at the time a file or pipe is opened and
 cannot be changed midstream.
 
+   On POSIX-compatible systems, this variable's value has no effect.
+Thus, if you think your program will run on multiple different systems
+and that you may need to use 'BINMODE', you should simply set it (in the
+program or on the command line) unconditionally, and not worry about the
+operating system on which your program is running.
+
    The name 'BINMODE' was chosen to match 'mawk' (*note Other
 Versions::).  'mawk' and 'gawk' handle 'BINMODE' similarly; however,
 'mawk' adds a '-W BINMODE=N' option and an environment variable that can
@@ -33041,7 +33048,7 @@ Index
 * * (asterisk), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line  89)
 * * (asterisk), * operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 540)
+                                                              (line 542)
 * * (asterisk), ** operator:             Arithmetic Ops.      (line  81)
 * * (asterisk), ** operator <1>:         Precedence.          (line  48)
 * * (asterisk), **= operator:            Assignment Ops.      (line 129)
@@ -33438,7 +33445,7 @@ Index
 * asterisk (*), * operator, as regexp operator: Regexp Operators.
                                                               (line  89)
 * asterisk (*), * operator, null strings, matching: String Functions.
-                                                              (line 540)
+                                                              (line 542)
 * asterisk (*), ** operator:             Arithmetic Ops.      (line  81)
 * asterisk (*), ** operator <1>:         Precedence.          (line  48)
 * asterisk (*), **= operator:            Assignment Ops.      (line 129)
@@ -33661,7 +33668,7 @@ Index
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <8>:             Continue Statement.  (line  44)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <9>:             Nextfile Statement.  (line  47)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <10>:            Delete.              (line  51)
-* Brian Kernighan's awk <11>:            String Functions.    (line 496)
+* Brian Kernighan's awk <11>:            String Functions.    (line 498)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <12>:            Gory Details.        (line  19)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk <13>:            I/O Functions.       (line  43)
 * Brian Kernighan's awk, extensions:     BTL.                 (line   6)
@@ -33704,7 +33711,7 @@ Index
 * case sensitivity, and regexps:         User-modified.       (line  79)
 * case sensitivity, and string comparisons: User-modified.    (line  79)
 * case sensitivity, array indices and:   Array Intro.         (line 100)
-* case sensitivity, converting case:     String Functions.    (line 526)
+* case sensitivity, converting case:     String Functions.    (line 528)
 * case sensitivity, example programs:    Library Functions.   (line  53)
 * case sensitivity, gawk:                Case-sensitivity.    (line  26)
 * case sensitivity, regexps and:         Case-sensitivity.    (line   6)
@@ -33836,9 +33843,9 @@ Index
 * control statements:                    Statements.          (line   6)
 * controlling array scanning order:      Controlling Scanning.
                                                               (line  14)
-* convert string to lower case:          String Functions.    (line 527)
-* convert string to number:              String Functions.    (line 394)
-* convert string to upper case:          String Functions.    (line 533)
+* convert string to lower case:          String Functions.    (line 529)
+* convert string to number:              String Functions.    (line 396)
+* convert string to upper case:          String Functions.    (line 535)
 * converting integer array subscripts:   Numeric Array Subscripts.
                                                               (line  31)
 * converting, dates to timestamps:       Time Functions.      (line  78)
@@ -33898,7 +33905,7 @@ Index
 * dark corner, field separators:         Full Line Fields.    (line  22)
 * dark corner, FILENAME variable:        Getline Notes.       (line  19)
 * dark corner, FILENAME variable <1>:    Auto-set.            (line 108)
-* dark corner, FNR/NR variables:         Auto-set.            (line 411)
+* dark corner, FNR/NR variables:         Auto-set.            (line 410)
 * dark corner, format-control characters: Control Letters.    (line  33)
 * dark corner, format-control characters <1>: Control Letters.
                                                               (line 108)
@@ -33921,7 +33928,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line 149)
 * dark corner, regexp constants, as arguments to user-defined functions: Standard Regexp Constants.
                                                               (line  43)
-* dark corner, split() function:         String Functions.    (line 364)
+* dark corner, split() function:         String Functions.    (line 366)
 * dark corner, string continuation:      Scalar Constants.    (line  53)
 * dark corner, strings, storing:         gawk split records.  (line  82)
 * dark corner, value of ARGV[0]:         Auto-set.            (line  39)
@@ -34134,7 +34141,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * differences in awk and gawk, RS/RT variables: gawk split records.
                                                               (line  58)
-* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set.         (line 349)
+* differences in awk and gawk, RT variable: Auto-set.         (line 348)
 * differences in awk and gawk, single-character fields: Single Character Fields.
                                                               (line   6)
 * differences in awk and gawk, split() function: String Functions.
@@ -34143,7 +34150,7 @@ Index
 * differences in awk and gawk, strings <1>: Scalar Constants. (line  53)
 * differences in awk and gawk, strings, storing: gawk split records.
                                                               (line  76)
-* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set.     (line 353)
+* differences in awk and gawk, SYMTAB variable: Auto-set.     (line 352)
 * differences in awk and gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable: User-modified.
                                                               (line 155)
 * differences in awk and gawk, trunc-mod operation: Arithmetic Ops.
@@ -34307,7 +34314,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line   6)
 * extension API version:                 Extension Versioning.
                                                               (line   6)
-* extension API, version number:         Auto-set.            (line 288)
+* extension API, version number:         Auto-set.            (line 287)
 * extension example:                     Extension Example.   (line   6)
 * extension registration:                Registration Functions.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -34466,7 +34473,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  12)
 * FNR variable:                          Records.             (line   6)
 * FNR variable <1>:                      Auto-set.            (line 118)
-* FNR variable, changing:                Auto-set.            (line 411)
+* FNR variable, changing:                Auto-set.            (line 410)
 * for statement:                         For Statement.       (line   6)
 * for statement, looping over arrays:    Scanning an Array.   (line  20)
 * fork() extension function:             Extension Sample Fork.
@@ -34480,7 +34487,7 @@ Index
 * format time string:                    Time Functions.      (line  50)
 * formats, numeric output:               OFMT.                (line   6)
 * formatting output:                     Printf.              (line   6)
-* formatting strings:                    String Functions.    (line 387)
+* formatting strings:                    String Functions.    (line 389)
 * forward slash (/) to enclose regular expressions: Regexp.   (line  10)
 * forward slash (/), / operator:         Precedence.          (line  54)
 * forward slash (/), /= operator:        Assignment Ops.      (line 129)
@@ -34570,7 +34577,7 @@ Index
 * G., Daniel Richard <1>:                Maintainers.         (line  14)
 * Garfinkle, Scott:                      Contributors.        (line  35)
 * gawk program, dynamic profiling:       Profiling.           (line 179)
-* gawk version:                          Auto-set.            (line 263)
+* gawk version:                          Auto-set.            (line 262)
 * gawk, ARGIND variable in:              Other Arguments.     (line  15)
 * gawk, awk and:                         Preface.             (line  21)
 * gawk, awk and <1>:                     This Manual.         (line  14)
@@ -34646,13 +34653,13 @@ Index
 * gawk, regular expressions, precedence: Regexp Operators.    (line 161)
 * gawk, RT variable in:                  awk split records.   (line 131)
 * gawk, RT variable in <1>:              Multiple Line.       (line 130)
-* gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Auto-set.            (line 349)
+* gawk, RT variable in <2>:              Auto-set.            (line 348)
 * gawk, See Also awk:                    Preface.             (line  34)
 * gawk, source code, obtaining:          Getting.             (line   6)
 * gawk, splitting fields and:            Testing field creation.
                                                               (line   6)
 * gawk, string-translation functions:    I18N Functions.      (line   6)
-* gawk, SYMTAB array in:                 Auto-set.            (line 353)
+* gawk, SYMTAB array in:                 Auto-set.            (line 352)
 * gawk, TEXTDOMAIN variable in:          User-modified.       (line 155)
 * gawk, timestamps:                      Time Functions.      (line   6)
 * gawk, uses for:                        Preface.             (line  34)
@@ -34754,7 +34761,7 @@ Index
 * gsub:                                  Standard Regexp Constants.
                                                               (line  43)
 * gsub <1>:                              String Functions.    (line 140)
-* gsub() function, arguments of:         String Functions.    (line 466)
+* gsub() function, arguments of:         String Functions.    (line 468)
 * gsub() function, escape processing:    Gory Details.        (line   6)
 * Guerrero, Juan Manuel:                 Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
 * Guerrero, Juan Manuel <1>:             Contributors.        (line 150)
@@ -35044,13 +35051,13 @@ Index
 * matching, expressions, See comparison expressions: Typing and Comparison.
                                                               (line   9)
 * matching, leftmost longest:            Multiple Line.       (line  26)
-* matching, null strings:                String Functions.    (line 540)
+* matching, null strings:                String Functions.    (line 542)
 * mawk utility:                          Escape Sequences.    (line 121)
 * mawk utility <1>:                      Getline/Pipe.        (line  62)
 * mawk utility <2>:                      Concatenation.       (line  36)
 * mawk utility <3>:                      Nextfile Statement.  (line  47)
 * mawk utility <4>:                      Other Versions.      (line  39)
-* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set.      (line 277)
+* maximum precision supported by MPFR library: Auto-set.      (line 276)
 * McIlroy, Doug:                         Glossary.            (line 255)
 * McPhee, Patrick:                       Contributors.        (line 103)
 * message object files:                  Explaining gettext.  (line  42)
@@ -35063,7 +35070,7 @@ Index
 * messages from extensions:              Printing Messages.   (line   6)
 * metacharacters in regular expressions: Regexp Operators.    (line   6)
 * metacharacters, escape sequences for:  Escape Sequences.    (line 140)
-* minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set.       (line 280)
+* minimum precision required by MPFR library: Auto-set.       (line 279)
 * mktime:                                Time Functions.      (line  25)
 * modifiers, in format specifiers:       Format Modifiers.    (line   6)
 * monetary information, localization:    Explaining gettext.  (line 104)
@@ -35122,7 +35129,7 @@ Index
 * not Boolean-logic operator:            Boolean Ops.         (line   6)
 * NR variable:                           Records.             (line   6)
 * NR variable <1>:                       Auto-set.            (line 143)
-* NR variable, changing:                 Auto-set.            (line 411)
+* NR variable, changing:                 Auto-set.            (line 410)
 * null strings:                          awk split records.   (line 121)
 * null strings <1>:                      Regexp Field Splitting.
                                                               (line  43)
@@ -35134,7 +35141,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  43)
 * null strings, converting numbers to strings: Strings And Numbers.
                                                               (line  21)
-* null strings, matching:                String Functions.    (line 540)
+* null strings, matching:                String Functions.    (line 542)
 * number as string of bits:              Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
 * number of array elements:              String Functions.    (line 201)
 * number sign (#), #! (executable scripts): Executable Scripts.
@@ -35242,7 +35249,7 @@ Index
 * p debugger command (alias for print):  Viewing And Changing Data.
                                                               (line  35)
 * Papadopoulos, Panos:                   Contributors.        (line 131)
-* parent process ID of gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 252)
+* parent process ID of gawk process:     Auto-set.            (line 251)
 * parentheses (), in a profile:          Profiling.           (line 146)
 * parentheses (), regexp operator:       Regexp Operators.    (line  81)
 * password file:                         Passwd Functions.    (line  16)
@@ -35313,7 +35320,7 @@ Index
 * portability, operators:                Increment Ops.       (line  60)
 * portability, operators, not in POSIX awk: Precedence.       (line  97)
 * portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Options. (line 376)
-* portability, substr() function:        String Functions.    (line 516)
+* portability, substr() function:        String Functions.    (line 518)
 * portable object files:                 Explaining gettext.  (line  37)
 * portable object files <1>:             Translator i18n.     (line   6)
 * portable object files, converting to message object files: I18N Example.
@@ -35412,8 +35419,8 @@ Index
 * printing, unduplicated lines of text:  Uniq Program.        (line   6)
 * printing, user information:            Id Program.          (line   6)
 * private variables:                     Library Names.       (line  11)
-* process group ID of gawk process:      Auto-set.            (line 246)
-* process ID of gawk process:            Auto-set.            (line 249)
+* process group ID of gawk process:      Auto-set.            (line 245)
+* process ID of gawk process:            Auto-set.            (line 248)
 * processes, two-way communications with: Two-way I/O.        (line   6)
 * processing data:                       Basic High Level.    (line   6)
 * PROCINFO array:                        Auto-set.            (line 148)
@@ -35565,7 +35572,7 @@ Index
 * regular expressions, searching for:    Egrep Program.       (line   6)
 * relational operators, See comparison operators: Typing and Comparison.
                                                               (line   9)
-* replace in string:                     String Functions.    (line 412)
+* replace in string:                     String Functions.    (line 414)
 * retrying input:                        Retrying Input.      (line   6)
 * return debugger command:               Debugger Execution Control.
                                                               (line  54)
@@ -35590,7 +35597,7 @@ Index
 * right shift:                           Bitwise Functions.   (line  54)
 * right shift, bitwise:                  Bitwise Functions.   (line  32)
 * Ritchie, Dennis:                       Basic Data Typing.   (line  54)
-* RLENGTH variable:                      Auto-set.            (line 336)
+* RLENGTH variable:                      Auto-set.            (line 335)
 * RLENGTH variable, match() function and: String Functions.   (line 228)
 * Robbins, Arnold:                       Command Line Field Separator.
                                                               (line  71)
@@ -35618,11 +35625,11 @@ Index
 * RS variable <1>:                       User-modified.       (line 136)
 * RS variable, multiline records and:    Multiple Line.       (line  17)
 * rshift:                                Bitwise Functions.   (line  54)
-* RSTART variable:                       Auto-set.            (line 342)
+* RSTART variable:                       Auto-set.            (line 341)
 * RSTART variable, match() function and: String Functions.    (line 228)
 * RT variable:                           awk split records.   (line 131)
 * RT variable <1>:                       Multiple Line.       (line 130)
-* RT variable <2>:                       Auto-set.            (line 349)
+* RT variable <2>:                       Auto-set.            (line 348)
 * Rubin, Paul:                           History.             (line  30)
 * Rubin, Paul <1>:                       Contributors.        (line  16)
 * rule, definition of:                   Getting Started.     (line  21)
@@ -35640,7 +35647,7 @@ Index
 * scanning arrays:                       Scanning an Array.   (line   6)
 * scanning multidimensional arrays:      Multiscanning.       (line  11)
 * Schorr, Andrew:                        Acknowledgments.     (line  60)
-* Schorr, Andrew <1>:                    Auto-set.            (line 381)
+* Schorr, Andrew <1>:                    Auto-set.            (line 380)
 * Schorr, Andrew <2>:                    Contributors.        (line 136)
 * Schreiber, Bert:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  38)
 * Schreiber, Rita:                       Acknowledgments.     (line  38)
@@ -35726,7 +35733,7 @@ Index
 * sidebar, Beware The Smoke and Mirrors!: Bitwise Functions.  (line 127)
 * sidebar, Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields: Full Line Fields.
                                                               (line  14)
-* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR:          Auto-set.            (line 409)
+* sidebar, Changing NR and FNR:          Auto-set.            (line 408)
 * sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with system(): I/O Functions.
                                                               (line 166)
 * sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters: Escape Sequences.
@@ -35735,7 +35742,7 @@ Index
                                                               (line  37)
 * sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering: I/O Functions.
                                                               (line  74)
-* sidebar, Matching the Null String:     String Functions.    (line 538)
+* sidebar, Matching the Null String:     String Functions.    (line 540)
 * sidebar, Operator Evaluation Order:    Increment Ops.       (line  58)
 * sidebar, Piping into sh:               Redirection.         (line 134)
 * sidebar, Pre-POSIX awk Used OFMT for String Conversion: Strings And Numbers.
@@ -35813,7 +35820,7 @@ Index
 * split() function, array elements, deleting: Delete.         (line  61)
 * split.awk program:                     Split Program.       (line  30)
 * sprintf:                               OFMT.                (line  15)
-* sprintf <1>:                           String Functions.    (line 387)
+* sprintf <1>:                           String Functions.    (line 389)
 * sprintf() function, OFMT variable and: User-modified.       (line 116)
 * sprintf() function, print/printf statements and: Round Function.
                                                               (line   6)
@@ -35859,7 +35866,7 @@ Index
 * strings, continuation across lines:    Scalar Constants.    (line  53)
 * strings, converting:                   Strings And Numbers. (line   6)
 * strings, converting <1>:               Bitwise Functions.   (line 109)
-* strings, converting letter case:       String Functions.    (line 526)
+* strings, converting letter case:       String Functions.    (line 528)
 * strings, converting, numbers to:       User-modified.       (line  30)
 * strings, converting, numbers to <1>:   User-modified.       (line 107)
 * strings, empty, See null strings:      awk split records.   (line 121)
@@ -35870,13 +35877,13 @@ Index
 * strings, null:                         Regexp Field Splitting.
                                                               (line  43)
 * strings, numeric:                      Variable Typing.     (line  67)
-* strtonum:                              String Functions.    (line 394)
+* strtonum:                              String Functions.    (line 396)
 * strtonum() function (gawk), --non-decimal-data option and: Nondecimal Data.
                                                               (line  35)
 * sub:                                   Standard Regexp Constants.
                                                               (line  43)
-* sub <1>:                               String Functions.    (line 412)
-* sub() function, arguments of:          String Functions.    (line 466)
+* sub <1>:                               String Functions.    (line 414)
+* sub() function, arguments of:          String Functions.    (line 468)
 * sub() function, escape processing:     Gory Details.        (line   6)
 * subscript separators:                  User-modified.       (line 149)
 * subscripts in arrays, multidimensional: Multidimensional.   (line  10)
@@ -35890,12 +35897,12 @@ Index
 * SUBSEP variable, and multidimensional arrays: Multidimensional.
                                                               (line  16)
 * substitute in string:                  String Functions.    (line  89)
-* substr:                                String Functions.    (line 485)
-* substring:                             String Functions.    (line 485)
+* substr:                                String Functions.    (line 487)
+* substring:                             String Functions.    (line 487)
 * Sumner, Andrew:                        Other Versions.      (line  64)
-* supplementary groups of gawk process:  Auto-set.            (line 293)
+* supplementary groups of gawk process:  Auto-set.            (line 292)
 * switch statement:                      Switch Statement.    (line   6)
-* SYMTAB array:                          Auto-set.            (line 353)
+* SYMTAB array:                          Auto-set.            (line 352)
 * syntactic ambiguity: /= operator vs. /=.../ regexp constant: Assignment Ops.
                                                               (line 149)
 * system:                                I/O Functions.       (line 106)
@@ -35951,8 +35958,8 @@ Index
 * timestamps, converting dates to:       Time Functions.      (line  78)
 * timestamps, formatted:                 Getlocaltime Function.
                                                               (line   6)
-* tolower:                               String Functions.    (line 527)
-* toupper:                               String Functions.    (line 533)
+* tolower:                               String Functions.    (line 529)
+* toupper:                               String Functions.    (line 535)
 * tr utility:                            Translate Program.   (line   6)
 * trace debugger command:                Miscellaneous Debugger Commands.
                                                               (line 108)
@@ -35978,7 +35985,7 @@ Index
 * troubleshooting, gawk, fatal errors, function arguments: Calling Built-in.
                                                               (line  16)
 * troubleshooting, getline function:     File Checking.       (line  25)
-* troubleshooting, gsub()/sub() functions: String Functions.  (line 476)
+* troubleshooting, gsub()/sub() functions: String Functions.  (line 478)
 * troubleshooting, match() function:     String Functions.    (line 292)
 * troubleshooting, print statement, omitting commas: Print Examples.
                                                               (line  30)
@@ -35988,7 +35995,7 @@ Index
 * troubleshooting, regexp constants vs. string constants: Computed Regexps.
                                                               (line  40)
 * troubleshooting, string concatenation: Concatenation.       (line  27)
-* troubleshooting, substr() function:    String Functions.    (line 503)
+* troubleshooting, substr() function:    String Functions.    (line 505)
 * troubleshooting, system() function:    I/O Functions.       (line 128)
 * troubleshooting, typographical errors, global variables: Options.
                                                               (line  99)
@@ -36077,10 +36084,10 @@ Index
 * variables, uninitialized, as array subscripts: Uninitialized Subscripts.
                                                               (line   6)
 * variables, user-defined:               Variables.           (line   6)
-* version of gawk:                       Auto-set.            (line 263)
-* version of gawk extension API:         Auto-set.            (line 288)
-* version of GNU MP library:             Auto-set.            (line 271)
-* version of GNU MPFR library:           Auto-set.            (line 273)
+* version of gawk:                       Auto-set.            (line 262)
+* version of gawk extension API:         Auto-set.            (line 287)
+* version of GNU MP library:             Auto-set.            (line 270)
+* version of GNU MPFR library:           Auto-set.            (line 272)
 * vertical bar (|):                      Regexp Operators.    (line  70)
 * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O):    Getline/Pipe.        (line  10)
 * vertical bar (|), | operator (I/O) <1>: Precedence.         (line  64)
@@ -36359,368 +36366,368 @@ Node: Exit Statement454653
 Node: Built-in Variables457056
 Node: User-modified458189
 Node: Auto-set465956
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1482806
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2483012
-Node: ARGC and ARGV483068
-Node: Pattern Action Summary487281
-Node: Arrays489711
-Node: Array Basics491040
-Node: Array Intro491884
-Ref: figure-array-elements493859
-Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1496563
-Node: Reference to Elements496691
-Node: Assigning Elements499155
-Node: Array Example499646
-Node: Scanning an Array501405
-Node: Controlling Scanning504427
-Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1509826
-Node: Numeric Array Subscripts510142
-Node: Uninitialized Subscripts512326
-Node: Delete513945
-Ref: Delete-Footnote-1516697
-Node: Multidimensional516754
-Node: Multiscanning519849
-Node: Arrays of Arrays521440
-Node: Arrays Summary526208
-Node: Functions528301
-Node: Built-in529339
-Node: Calling Built-in530420
-Node: Numeric Functions532416
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1536444
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2536801
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3536849
-Node: String Functions537121
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1560830
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2560958
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3561206
-Node: Gory Details561293
-Ref: table-sub-escapes563084
-Ref: table-sub-proposed564603
-Ref: table-posix-sub565966
-Ref: table-gensub-escapes567507
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1568330
-Node: I/O Functions568484
-Ref: table-system-return-values574952
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1577032
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2577180
-Node: Time Functions577300
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1587971
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2588039
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3588197
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4588308
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5588420
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6588647
-Node: Bitwise Functions588913
-Ref: table-bitwise-ops589507
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1595570
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2595743
-Node: Type Functions595934
-Node: I18N Functions598685
-Node: User-defined600336
-Node: Definition Syntax601141
-Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1606828
-Node: Function Example606899
-Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1609821
-Node: Function Caveats609843
-Node: Calling A Function610361
-Node: Variable Scope611319
-Node: Pass By Value/Reference614313
-Node: Return Statement617812
-Node: Dynamic Typing620791
-Node: Indirect Calls621721
-Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1631973
-Node: Functions Summary632101
-Node: Library Functions634806
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1638413
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2638556
-Node: Library Names638727
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1642187
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2642410
-Node: General Functions642496
-Node: Strtonum Function643599
-Node: Assert Function646621
-Node: Round Function649947
-Node: Cliff Random Function651487
-Node: Ordinal Functions652503
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1655566
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2655818
-Node: Join Function656028
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1657798
-Node: Getlocaltime Function657998
-Node: Readfile Function661740
-Node: Shell Quoting663717
-Node: Data File Management665118
-Node: Filetrans Function665750
-Node: Rewind Function669846
-Node: File Checking671756
-Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1673090
-Node: Empty Files673291
-Node: Ignoring Assigns675270
-Node: Getopt Function676820
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1688289
-Node: Passwd Functions688489
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1697328
-Node: Group Functions697416
-Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1705314
-Node: Walking Arrays705521
-Node: Library Functions Summary708529
-Node: Library Exercises709935
-Node: Sample Programs710400
-Node: Running Examples711170
-Node: Clones711898
-Node: Cut Program713122
-Node: Egrep Program723051
-Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1730563
-Node: Id Program730673
-Node: Split Program734353
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1737811
-Node: Tee Program737940
-Node: Uniq Program740730
-Node: Wc Program748156
-Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1752411
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs752505
-Node: Dupword Program753718
-Node: Alarm Program755748
-Node: Translate Program760603
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1765168
-Node: Labels Program765438
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1768789
-Node: Word Sorting768873
-Node: History Sorting772945
-Node: Extract Program774780
-Node: Simple Sed782834
-Node: Igawk Program785908
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1800239
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2800441
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3800563
-Node: Anagram Program800678
-Node: Signature Program803740
-Node: Programs Summary804987
-Node: Programs Exercises806201
-Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1810330
-Node: Advanced Features810421
-Node: Nondecimal Data812411
-Node: Array Sorting814002
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal814702
-Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1823070
-Node: Array Sorting Functions823188
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1828279
-Node: Two-way I/O828475
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1836195
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2836382
-Node: TCP/IP Networking836464
-Node: Profiling839582
-Node: Advanced Features Summary848587
-Node: Internationalization850431
-Node: I18N and L10N851911
-Node: Explaining gettext852598
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1858490
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2858675
-Node: Programmer i18n858840
-Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1863789
-Node: Translator i18n863838
-Node: String Extraction864632
-Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1865764
-Node: Printf Ordering865850
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1868636
-Node: I18N Portability868700
-Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1871156
-Node: I18N Example871219
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1874025
-Node: Gawk I18N874098
-Node: I18N Summary874743
-Node: Debugger876084
-Node: Debugging877107
-Node: Debugging Concepts877548
-Node: Debugging Terms879357
-Node: Awk Debugging881932
-Node: Sample Debugging Session882838
-Node: Debugger Invocation883372
-Node: Finding The Bug884758
-Node: List of Debugger Commands891236
-Node: Breakpoint Control892569
-Node: Debugger Execution Control896263
-Node: Viewing And Changing Data899625
-Node: Execution Stack902999
-Node: Debugger Info904636
-Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands908707
-Node: Readline Support913769
-Node: Limitations914665
-Node: Debugging Summary916774
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic918053
-Node: Computer Arithmetic919538
-Ref: table-numeric-ranges923304
-Ref: table-floating-point-ranges923797
-Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1924455
-Node: Math Definitions924512
-Ref: table-ieee-formats927828
-Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1928431
-Node: MPFR features928536
-Node: FP Math Caution930254
-Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1931326
-Node: Inexactness of computations931695
-Node: Inexact representation932655
-Node: Comparing FP Values934015
-Node: Errors accumulate935256
-Node: Getting Accuracy936689
-Node: Try To Round939399
-Node: Setting precision940298
-Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings940995
-Node: Setting the rounding mode942825
-Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes943199
-Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1947130
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers947309
-Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1950484
-Node: Checking for MPFR950633
-Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems952107
-Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1956392
-Node: Floating point summary956430
-Node: Dynamic Extensions958620
-Node: Extension Intro960173
-Node: Plugin License961439
-Node: Extension Mechanism Outline962236
-Ref: figure-load-extension962675
-Ref: figure-register-new-function964240
-Ref: figure-call-new-function965332
-Node: Extension API Description967394
-Node: Extension API Functions Introduction969036
-Node: General Data Types974576
-Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1982937
-Node: Memory Allocation Functions983236
-Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1987446
-Node: Constructor Functions987545
-Node: Registration Functions991131
-Node: Extension Functions991816
-Node: Exit Callback Functions997031
-Node: Extension Version String998281
-Node: Input Parsers998944
-Node: Output Wrappers1011665
-Node: Two-way processors1016177
-Node: Printing Messages1018442
-Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11019613
-Node: Updating ERRNO1019766
-Node: Requesting Values1020505
-Ref: table-value-types-returned1021242
-Node: Accessing Parameters1022178
-Node: Symbol Table Access1023413
-Node: Symbol table by name1023925
-Node: Symbol table by cookie1025714
-Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11029899
-Node: Cached values1029963
-Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11033499
-Node: Array Manipulation1033652
-Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11034743
-Node: Array Data Types1034780
-Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11037438
-Node: Array Functions1037530
-Node: Flattening Arrays1042028
-Node: Creating Arrays1049004
-Node: Redirection API1053771
-Node: Extension API Variables1056604
-Node: Extension Versioning1057315
-Ref: gawk-api-version1057744
-Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1059475
-Node: Extension API Informational Variables1061103
-Node: Extension API Boilerplate1062176
-Node: Changes from API V11066150
-Node: Finding Extensions1067722
-Node: Extension Example1068281
-Node: Internal File Description1069079
-Node: Internal File Ops1073159
-Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11084509
-Node: Using Internal File Ops1084649
-Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11087032
-Node: Extension Samples1087306
-Node: Extension Sample File Functions1088835
-Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1096484
-Node: Extension Sample Fork1097971
-Node: Extension Sample Inplace1099189
-Node: Extension Sample Ord1102406
-Node: Extension Sample Readdir1103242
-Ref: table-readdir-file-types1104131
-Node: Extension Sample Revout1104936
-Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1105525
-Node: Extension Sample Read write array1106265
-Node: Extension Sample Readfile1108207
-Node: Extension Sample Time1109302
-Node: Extension Sample API Tests1110650
-Node: gawkextlib1111142
-Node: Extension summary1114060
-Node: Extension Exercises1117762
-Node: Language History1119260
-Node: V7/SVR3.11120916
-Node: SVR41123068
-Node: POSIX1124502
-Node: BTL1125882
-Node: POSIX/GNU1126611
-Node: Feature History1132389
-Node: Common Extensions1148435
-Node: Ranges and Locales1149718
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11154334
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21154361
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31154596
-Node: Contributors1154817
-Node: History summary1160762
-Node: Installation1162142
-Node: Gawk Distribution1163086
-Node: Getting1163570
-Node: Extracting1164533
-Node: Distribution contents1166171
-Node: Unix Installation1172651
-Node: Quick Installation1173333
-Node: Shell Startup Files1175747
-Node: Additional Configuration Options1176836
-Node: Configuration Philosophy1179001
-Node: Non-Unix Installation1181370
-Node: PC Installation1181830
-Node: PC Binary Installation1182668
-Node: PC Compiling1183103
-Node: PC Using1184220
-Node: Cygwin1187435
-Node: MSYS1188534
-Node: VMS Installation1189035
-Node: VMS Compilation1189826
-Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11191055
-Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1191113
-Node: VMS Installation Details1192798
-Node: VMS Running1195051
-Node: VMS GNV1199330
-Node: VMS Old Gawk1200065
-Node: Bugs1200536
-Node: Bug address1201199
-Node: Usenet1204181
-Node: Maintainers1205185
-Node: Other Versions1206446
-Node: Installation summary1213004
-Node: Notes1214206
-Node: Compatibility Mode1215000
-Node: Additions1215782
-Node: Accessing The Source1216707
-Node: Adding Code1218144
-Node: New Ports1224363
-Node: Derived Files1228851
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11234497
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21234532
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31235130
-Node: Future Extensions1235244
-Node: Implementation Limitations1235902
-Node: Extension Design1237085
-Node: Old Extension Problems1238229
-Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11239747
-Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1239804
-Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11243168
-Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1243357
-Node: Extension Future Growth1245470
-Node: Notes summary1246306
-Node: Basic Concepts1247481
-Node: Basic High Level1248162
-Ref: figure-general-flow1248444
-Ref: figure-process-flow1249129
-Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11252430
-Node: Basic Data Typing1252615
-Node: Glossary1255943
-Node: Copying1287781
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1325324
-Node: Index1350444
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1482792
+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2482998
+Node: ARGC and ARGV483054
+Node: Pattern Action Summary487267
+Node: Arrays489697
+Node: Array Basics491026
+Node: Array Intro491870
+Ref: figure-array-elements493845
+Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1496549
+Node: Reference to Elements496677
+Node: Assigning Elements499141
+Node: Array Example499632
+Node: Scanning an Array501391
+Node: Controlling Scanning504413
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1509812
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts510128
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts512312
+Node: Delete513931
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1516683
+Node: Multidimensional516740
+Node: Multiscanning519835
+Node: Arrays of Arrays521426
+Node: Arrays Summary526194
+Node: Functions528287
+Node: Built-in529325
+Node: Calling Built-in530406
+Node: Numeric Functions532402
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1536430
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2536787
+Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3536835
+Node: String Functions537107
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1560965
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2561093
+Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3561341
+Node: Gory Details561428
+Ref: table-sub-escapes563219
+Ref: table-sub-proposed564738
+Ref: table-posix-sub566101
+Ref: table-gensub-escapes567642
+Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1568465
+Node: I/O Functions568619
+Ref: table-system-return-values575087
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1577167
+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-2577315
+Node: Time Functions577435
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1588106
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2588174
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3588332
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4588443
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5588555
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6588782
+Node: Bitwise Functions589048
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops589642
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1595705
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-2595878
+Node: Type Functions596069
+Node: I18N Functions598820
+Node: User-defined600471
+Node: Definition Syntax601276
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1606963
+Node: Function Example607034
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1609956
+Node: Function Caveats609978
+Node: Calling A Function610496
+Node: Variable Scope611454
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference614448
+Node: Return Statement617947
+Node: Dynamic Typing620926
+Node: Indirect Calls621856
+Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1632108
+Node: Functions Summary632236
+Node: Library Functions634941
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1638548
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2638691
+Node: Library Names638862
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1642322
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2642545
+Node: General Functions642631
+Node: Strtonum Function643734
+Node: Assert Function646756
+Node: Round Function650082
+Node: Cliff Random Function651622
+Node: Ordinal Functions652638
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1655701
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2655953
+Node: Join Function656163
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1657933
+Node: Getlocaltime Function658133
+Node: Readfile Function661875
+Node: Shell Quoting663852
+Node: Data File Management665253
+Node: Filetrans Function665885
+Node: Rewind Function669981
+Node: File Checking671891
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1673225
+Node: Empty Files673426
+Node: Ignoring Assigns675405
+Node: Getopt Function676955
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1688424
+Node: Passwd Functions688624
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1697463
+Node: Group Functions697551
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1705449
+Node: Walking Arrays705656
+Node: Library Functions Summary708664
+Node: Library Exercises710070
+Node: Sample Programs710535
+Node: Running Examples711305
+Node: Clones712033
+Node: Cut Program713257
+Node: Egrep Program723186
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1730698
+Node: Id Program730808
+Node: Split Program734488
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1737946
+Node: Tee Program738075
+Node: Uniq Program740865
+Node: Wc Program748291
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1752546
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs752640
+Node: Dupword Program753853
+Node: Alarm Program755883
+Node: Translate Program760738
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1765303
+Node: Labels Program765573
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1768924
+Node: Word Sorting769008
+Node: History Sorting773080
+Node: Extract Program774915
+Node: Simple Sed782969
+Node: Igawk Program786043
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1800374
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2800576
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3800698
+Node: Anagram Program800813
+Node: Signature Program803875
+Node: Programs Summary805122
+Node: Programs Exercises806336
+Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1810465
+Node: Advanced Features810556
+Node: Nondecimal Data812546
+Node: Array Sorting814137
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal814837
+Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1823205
+Node: Array Sorting Functions823323
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1828414
+Node: Two-way I/O828610
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1836330
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2836517
+Node: TCP/IP Networking836599
+Node: Profiling839717
+Node: Advanced Features Summary848722
+Node: Internationalization850566
+Node: I18N and L10N852046
+Node: Explaining gettext852733
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1858625
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2858810
+Node: Programmer i18n858975
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1863924
+Node: Translator i18n863973
+Node: String Extraction864767
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1865899
+Node: Printf Ordering865985
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1868771
+Node: I18N Portability868835
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1871291
+Node: I18N Example871354
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1874160
+Node: Gawk I18N874233
+Node: I18N Summary874878
+Node: Debugger876219
+Node: Debugging877242
+Node: Debugging Concepts877683
+Node: Debugging Terms879492
+Node: Awk Debugging882067
+Node: Sample Debugging Session882973
+Node: Debugger Invocation883507
+Node: Finding The Bug884893
+Node: List of Debugger Commands891371
+Node: Breakpoint Control892704
+Node: Debugger Execution Control896398
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data899760
+Node: Execution Stack903134
+Node: Debugger Info904771
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands908842
+Node: Readline Support913904
+Node: Limitations914800
+Node: Debugging Summary916909
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic918188
+Node: Computer Arithmetic919673
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges923439
+Ref: table-floating-point-ranges923932
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1924590
+Node: Math Definitions924647
+Ref: table-ieee-formats927963
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1928566
+Node: MPFR features928671
+Node: FP Math Caution930389
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1931461
+Node: Inexactness of computations931830
+Node: Inexact representation932790
+Node: Comparing FP Values934150
+Node: Errors accumulate935391
+Node: Getting Accuracy936824
+Node: Try To Round939534
+Node: Setting precision940433
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings941130
+Node: Setting the rounding mode942960
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes943334
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1947265
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers947444
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1950619
+Node: Checking for MPFR950768
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems952242
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1956527
+Node: Floating point summary956565
+Node: Dynamic Extensions958755
+Node: Extension Intro960308
+Node: Plugin License961574
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline962371
+Ref: figure-load-extension962810
+Ref: figure-register-new-function964375
+Ref: figure-call-new-function965467
+Node: Extension API Description967529
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction969171
+Node: General Data Types974711
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1983072
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions983371
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1987581
+Node: Constructor Functions987680
+Node: Registration Functions991266
+Node: Extension Functions991951
+Node: Exit Callback Functions997166
+Node: Extension Version String998416
+Node: Input Parsers999079
+Node: Output Wrappers1011800
+Node: Two-way processors1016312
+Node: Printing Messages1018577
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-11019748
+Node: Updating ERRNO1019901
+Node: Requesting Values1020640
+Ref: table-value-types-returned1021377
+Node: Accessing Parameters1022313
+Node: Symbol Table Access1023548
+Node: Symbol table by name1024060
+Node: Symbol table by cookie1025849
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-11030034
+Node: Cached values1030098
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-11033634
+Node: Array Manipulation1033787
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-11034878
+Node: Array Data Types1034915
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-11037573
+Node: Array Functions1037665
+Node: Flattening Arrays1042163
+Node: Creating Arrays1049139
+Node: Redirection API1053906
+Node: Extension API Variables1056739
+Node: Extension Versioning1057450
+Ref: gawk-api-version1057879
+Node: Extension GMP/MPFR Versioning1059610
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables1061238
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1062311
+Node: Changes from API V11066285
+Node: Finding Extensions1067857
+Node: Extension Example1068416
+Node: Internal File Description1069214
+Node: Internal File Ops1073294
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11084644
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1084784
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11087167
+Node: Extension Samples1087441
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1088970
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1096619
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1098106
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1099324
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1102541
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1103377
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1104266
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1105071
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1105660
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1106400
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1108342
+Node: Extension Sample Time1109437
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1110785
+Node: gawkextlib1111277
+Node: Extension summary1114195
+Node: Extension Exercises1117897
+Node: Language History1119395
+Node: V7/SVR3.11121051
+Node: SVR41123203
+Node: POSIX1124637
+Node: BTL1126017
+Node: POSIX/GNU1126746
+Node: Feature History1132524
+Node: Common Extensions1148570
+Node: Ranges and Locales1149853
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11154469
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21154496
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31154731
+Node: Contributors1154952
+Node: History summary1160897
+Node: Installation1162277
+Node: Gawk Distribution1163221
+Node: Getting1163705
+Node: Extracting1164668
+Node: Distribution contents1166306
+Node: Unix Installation1172786
+Node: Quick Installation1173468
+Node: Shell Startup Files1175882
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1176971
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1179136
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1181505
+Node: PC Installation1181965
+Node: PC Binary Installation1182803
+Node: PC Compiling1183238
+Node: PC Using1184355
+Node: Cygwin1187908
+Node: MSYS1189007
+Node: VMS Installation1189508
+Node: VMS Compilation1190299
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11191528
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1191586
+Node: VMS Installation Details1193271
+Node: VMS Running1195524
+Node: VMS GNV1199803
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1200538
+Node: Bugs1201009
+Node: Bug address1201672
+Node: Usenet1204654
+Node: Maintainers1205658
+Node: Other Versions1206919
+Node: Installation summary1213477
+Node: Notes1214679
+Node: Compatibility Mode1215473
+Node: Additions1216255
+Node: Accessing The Source1217180
+Node: Adding Code1218617
+Node: New Ports1224836
+Node: Derived Files1229324
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11234970
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21235005
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31235603
+Node: Future Extensions1235717
+Node: Implementation Limitations1236375
+Node: Extension Design1237558
+Node: Old Extension Problems1238702
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11240220
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1240277
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11243641
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1243830
+Node: Extension Future Growth1245943
+Node: Notes summary1246779
+Node: Basic Concepts1247954
+Node: Basic High Level1248635
+Ref: figure-general-flow1248917
+Ref: figure-process-flow1249602
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11252903
+Node: Basic Data Typing1253088
+Node: Glossary1256416
+Node: Copying1288254
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1325797
+Node: Index1350917
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 6f5f4f81..d9f6bc9c 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -8105,7 +8105,6 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
 Finally, the @code{patsplit()} function makes the same functionality
 available for splitting regular strings (@pxref{String Functions}).
 
-
 @node Testing field creation
 @section Checking How @command{gawk} Is Splitting Records
 
@@ -15762,19 +15761,18 @@ This element gives a string indicating the platform for which
 @item "vms"
 OpenVMS or Vax/VMS.
 
-@item "macosx"
-Mac OS X.
-
-@item "cygwin"
-@itemx "djgpp"
+@item "djgpp"
 @itemx "mingw"
-Microsoft Windows, using either Cygwin, DJGPP, or MinGW, respectively.
+Microsoft Windows, using either DJGPP or MinGW, respectively.
 
 @item "os2"
 OS/2.
 
+@item "os390"
+OS/390.
+
 @item "posix"
-GNU/Linux and legacy Unix systems.
+GNU/Linux, Cygwin, Mac OS X, and legacy Unix systems.
 @end table
 
 @item PROCINFO["pgrpid"]
@@ -18431,8 +18429,8 @@ whitespace goes into @code{@var{seps}[@var{n}]}, where @var{n} is the
 return value of
 @code{split()} (i.e., the number of elements in @var{array}).
 
-The @code{split()} function splits strings into pieces in a
-manner similar to the way input lines are split into fields.  For example:
+The @code{split()} function splits strings into pieces in the same way
+that input lines are split into fields.  For example:
 
 @example
 split("cul-de-sac", a, "-", seps)
@@ -18468,6 +18466,8 @@ are separated by runs of whitespace.
 Also, as with input field splitting, if @var{fieldsep} is the null string, each
 individual character in the string is split into its own array element.
 @value{COMMONEXT}
+Additionally, if @var{fieldsep} is a single-character string, that string acts
+as the separator, even if its value is a regular expression metacharacter.
 
 Note, however, that @code{RS} has no effect on the way @code{split()}
 works. Even though @samp{RS = ""} causes the newline character to also be an input
@@ -40049,6 +40049,12 @@ appropriate @samp{-v BINMODE=@var{N}} option on the command line.
 @code{BINMODE} is set at the time a file or pipe is opened and cannot be
 changed midstream.
 
+On POSIX-compatible systems, this variable's value has no effect.
+Thus, if you think your program will run on multiple different systems
+and that you may need to use @code{BINMODE}, you should simply set it
+(in the program or on the command line) unconditionally, and not worry
+about the operating system on which your program is running.
+
 The name @code{BINMODE} was chosen to match @command{mawk}
 (@pxref{Other Versions}).
 @command{mawk} and @command{gawk} handle @code{BINMODE} similarly; however,
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index a8434568..e7bb7022 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -7704,7 +7704,6 @@ FPAT = "([^,]*)|(\"[^\"]+\")"
 Finally, the @code{patsplit()} function makes the same functionality
 available for splitting regular strings (@pxref{String Functions}).
 
-
 @node Testing field creation
 @section Checking How @command{gawk} Is Splitting Records
 
@@ -15080,19 +15079,18 @@ This element gives a string indicating the platform for which
 @item "vms"
 OpenVMS or Vax/VMS.
 
-@item "macosx"
-Mac OS X.
-
-@item "cygwin"
-@itemx "djgpp"
+@item "djgpp"
 @itemx "mingw"
-Microsoft Windows, using either Cygwin, DJGPP, or MinGW, respectively.
+Microsoft Windows, using either DJGPP or MinGW, respectively.
 
 @item "os2"
 OS/2.
 
+@item "os390"
+OS/390.
+
 @item "posix"
-GNU/Linux and legacy Unix systems.
+GNU/Linux, Cygwin, Mac OS X, and legacy Unix systems.
 @end table
 
 @item PROCINFO["pgrpid"]
@@ -17703,8 +17701,8 @@ whitespace goes into @code{@var{seps}[@var{n}]}, where @var{n} is the
 return value of
 @code{split()} (i.e., the number of elements in @var{array}).
 
-The @code{split()} function splits strings into pieces in a
-manner similar to the way input lines are split into fields.  For example:
+The @code{split()} function splits strings into pieces in the same way
+that input lines are split into fields.  For example:
 
 @example
 split("cul-de-sac", a, "-", seps)
@@ -17740,6 +17738,8 @@ are separated by runs of whitespace.
 Also, as with input field splitting, if @var{fieldsep} is the null string, each
 individual character in the string is split into its own array element.
 @value{COMMONEXT}
+Additionally, if @var{fieldsep} is a single-character string, that string acts
+as the separator, even if its value is a regular expression metacharacter.
 
 Note, however, that @code{RS} has no effect on the way @code{split()}
 works. Even though @samp{RS = ""} causes the newline character to also be an input
@@ -39023,6 +39023,12 @@ appropriate @samp{-v BINMODE=@var{N}} option on the command line.
 @code{BINMODE} is set at the time a file or pipe is opened and cannot be
 changed midstream.
 
+On POSIX-compatible systems, this variable's value has no effect.
+Thus, if you think your program will run on multiple different systems
+and that you may need to use @code{BINMODE}, you should simply set it
+(in the program or on the command line) unconditionally, and not worry
+about the operating system on which your program is running.
+
 The name @code{BINMODE} was chosen to match @command{mawk}
 (@pxref{Other Versions}).
 @command{mawk} and @command{gawk} handle @code{BINMODE} similarly; however,
diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
index a97bd180..45cae61d 100644
--- a/main.c
+++ b/main.c
@@ -1777,18 +1777,17 @@ set_locale_stuff(void)
 static const char *
 platform_name()
 {
+	// Cygwin and Mac OS X count as POSIX
 #if defined(__VMS)
 	return "vms";
-#elif defined(__APPLE__)
-	return "macosx";
 #elif defined(__MINGW32__)
 	return "mingw";
 #elif defined(__DJGPP__)
 	return "djgpp";
-#elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
-	return "cygwin";
 #elif defined(__EMX__)
 	return "os2";
+#elif defined(USE_EBCDIC)
+	return "os390";
 #else
 	return "posix";
 #endif