Bring latest byte code gawk into git. Hurray!

1 files changed, 918 insertions, 925 deletions

diff --git a/doc/awkcard.in b/doc/awkcard.in
index 0d00c33e..9ff33a5d 100644
--- a/doc/awkcard.in
+++ b/doc/awkcard.in
@@ -47,42 +47,41 @@
 .ES
 .in +.2i
 .nf
-\*(FRAction Statements
	7
-Arrays
	10
-Awk Program Execution
	4
-Bit Manipulation Functions (\*(GK)
	15
+\*(FRAction Statements
	9
+Arrays
	7
+Awk Program Execution
	5
+Bit Manipulation Functions (\*(GK)
	17
 Bug Reports
	2
-Closing Redirections
	12
+Closing Redirections
	13
 Command Line Arguments (standard)
	2
 Command Line Arguments (\*(GK)
	3
 Command Line Arguments (\*(MK)
	4
-Conversions And Comparisons
	9
+Conversions And Comparisons
	8
 Copying Permissions
	18
 Definitions
	2
-Dynamic Extensions (\*(GK)
	16
-Environment Variables (\*(GK)
	17
-Escape Sequences
	8
-Expressions
	10
-Fields
	6
+Dynamic Extensions (\*(GK)
	17
+Environment Variables (\*(GK)
	11
+Escape Sequences
	9
+Expressions
	7
+Fields
	10
 FTP/HTTP Information
	18
-Historical Features (\*(GK)
	17
-Input Control
	11
-Internationalization (\*(GK)
	16
-Lines And Statements
	5
-Localization (\*(GK)
	16
+Historical Features (\*(GK)
	10
+Input Control
	13
+Internationalization (\*(GK)
	18
+Lines And Statements
	4
+Localization (\*(GK)
	12
 Numeric Functions
	15
-Output Control
	11
-Pattern Elements
	7
-POSIX Character Classes
	6
-Printf Formats
	13
-Records
	6
-Regular Expressions
	5
+Output Control
	13
+Pattern Elements
	8
+Printf Formats
	14
+Records
	10
+Regular Expressions
	11
 Signals (\*(PK)
	4
 Special Filenames
	12
-String Functions
	14
-Time Functions (\*(GK)
	15
-User-defined Functions
	17
-Variables
	8\*(CX
+String Functions
	16
+Time Functions (\*(GK)
	17
+User-defined Functions
	15
+Variables
	5\*(CX
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBCONTENTS\*(FR\s0"
 .sp .4
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ Brian Kernighan and Michael Brennan who reviewed it.
 .\" --- Definitions
 .fi
 .ES
-\*(CDThis card describes POSIX AWK, as well as the three
+\*(CDThis card describes POSIX AWK, as well as three
 freely available \*(AK implementations
 (see \fHFTP/HTTP Information\fP below).
 \*(CLCommon extensions (in two or more versions) are printed in light blue.
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ Regexp constants may contain \*(FIescape sequences\*(FR.
 \*(FIname\fP \- a variable, array or function name.
 .sp .5
 \*(FIentry\fP(\*(FIN\fP) \- entry \*(FIentry\fP in section \*(FIN\fP of the
-UNIX reference manual.
+Unix reference manual.
 .sp .5
 \*(FIpattern\fP \- an expression describing an input record to be matched.
 .sp .5
@@ -181,19 +180,19 @@ the behavior of the running interpreter.
 .sp .5
 .TS
 expand;
-l lw(2.2i).
-\*(FC\-F \*(FIfs\*(FR	use \*(FIfs\fP for the input field separator.
+l lw(2.0i).
+\*(FC\-F \*(FIfs\*(FR	Use \*(FIfs\fP for the input field separator.
 \*(FC\-v\*(FI var\*(FC\^=\^\*(FIval\*(FR	T{
-assign the value \*(FIval\*(FR to the variable \*(FIvar\*(FR
+Assign the value \*(FIval\*(FR to the variable \*(FIvar\*(FR
 before execution of the program begins. Such
 variable values are available to the \*(FCBEGIN\fP rule.
 T}
 \*(FC\-f \*(FIprog-file\*(FR	T{
-read the AWK program source from the file
+Read the AWK program source from the file
 \*(FIprog-file\*(FR, instead of from the first command
 line argument. Multiple \*(FC\-f\*(FR options may be used.
 T}
-\*(FC\-\^\-\*(FR	signal the end of options.\*(CX
+\*(FC\-\^\-\*(FR	Signal the end of options.\*(CX
 .TE
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBCOMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS (standard)\*(FR\s0"
 
@@ -231,9 +230,9 @@ T}
 .TS
 expand, tab(%);
 l lw(1.3i).
-\*(FC\-\^\-assign \*(FIvar\*(FC\^=\^\*(FIval\*(FR%just like \*(FC\-v\fP.
-\*(FC\-\^\-field-separator \*(FIfs\*(FR%just like \*(FC\-F\fP.
-\*(FC\-\^\-file \*(FIprog-file%\*(FRjust like \*(FC\-f\fP.
+\*(FC\-\^\-assign \*(FIvar\*(FC\^=\^\*(FIval\*(FR%Same as \*(FC\-v\fP.
+\*(FC\-\^\-field-separator \*(FIfs\*(FR%Same as \*(FC\-F\fP.
+\*(FC\-\^\-file \*(FIprog-file%\*(FRSame as \*(FC\-f\fP.
 .TE
 .in +4n
 .TI "\*(FC\-b\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-characters\-as\-bytes\*(FR
@@ -241,37 +240,35 @@ Treat all input data as single-byte characters. I.e.,
 don't attempt to
 process strings as multibyte characters.
 Overridden by \*(FC\-\^\-posix\*(FR.
-.TI "\*(FC\-c\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-compat\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-traditional\*(FR
-disable \*(GK-specific extensions
-(the use of \*(FC\-\^\-traditional\*(FR is preferred).
-.TI "\*(FC\-C\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-copyleft\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-copyright\*(FR
-print the short version of the GNU
+.TI "\*(FC\-c\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-traditional\*(FR
+Disable \*(GK-specific extensions.
+.TI "\*(FC\-C\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-copyright\*(FR
+Print the short version of the GNU
 copyright information on \*(FCstdout\*(FR.
-.T&
-.IT "\*(FC\-d \*(FIfile\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-dump-variables\*(FR[\*(FC=\*(FIfile\*(FR]
-print a sorted list of global variables,
+.TI "\*(FC\-d \*(FIfile\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-dump-variables\*(FR[\*(FC=\*(FIfile\*(FR]
+Print a sorted list of global variables,
 their types and final values to
 \*(FIfile\*(FR.
 If no \*(FIfile\*(FR
 is provided, \*(FCgawk\*(FR
 uses \*(FCawkvars.out\*(FR.
 .TI "\*(FC-e '\*(FItext\*(FC'\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-source '\*(FItext\*(FC'\*(FR
-use \*(FItext\*(FR as AWK program source code.
+Use \*(FItext\*(FR as AWK program source code.
 .TI "\*(FC\-E \*(FIfile\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-exec \*(FIfile\*(FR
-read program text from \*(FIfile\fP. No other
+Read program text from \*(FIfile\fP. No other
 options are processed.
 Also disables command-line variable assignments.
 Useful with \*(FC#!\fP.
 .TI "\*(FC\-g\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-gen\-pot\*(FR
-process the program and print a GNU \*(FCgettext\*(FR
-format \*(FC\&.po\*(FR format file on standard output,
+Process the program and print a GNU \*(FCgettext\*(FR
+format \*(FC\&.pot\*(FR file on standard output,
 containing the text of all strings that were marked
 for localization.
-.TI "\*(FC\-h\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-help\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-usage\*(FR
-print a short summary of the available
+.TI "\*(FC\-h\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-help\*(FR
+Print a short summary of the available
 options on \*(FCstdout\*(FR, then exit zero.
-.TI "\*(FC\-l \*(FR[\*(FC=\*(FIvalue\*(FR], \*(FC\-\^\-lint\*(FR[\*(FC=\*(FIvalue\*(FR]
-warn about dubious or non-portable constructs.
+.TI "\*(FC\-L \*(FR[\*(FC\*(FIvalue\*(FR], \*(FC\-\^\-lint\*(FR[\*(FC=\*(FIvalue\*(FR]
+Warn about dubious or non-portable constructs.
 If \*(FIvalue\*(FR is
 \*(FCfatal\*(FR,
 lint warnings become fatal errors.
@@ -279,19 +276,15 @@ If \*(FIvalue\*(FR is
 \*(FCinvalid\*(FR,
 only issue warnings about things that are
 actually invalid (not fully implemented yet).
-.TI "\*(FC-L\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-lint\-old\*(FR
-warn about constructs that are not
-portable to the original version of
-Unix \*(AK.
 .TI "\*(FC\-n\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-non\-decimal\-data\*(FR
-recognize octal and hexadecimal values in input data.
+Recognize octal and hexadecimal values in input data.
 \*(FIUse this option with great caution!\*(FR
 .TI "\*(FC\-N\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-use\-lc\-numeric\*(FR
-force use of the locale's decimal point character when parsing input data.
+Force use of the locale's decimal point character when parsing input data.
 .TI "\*(FC\-O\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-optimize\*(FR
-enable some internal optimizations.
+Enable some internal optimizations.
 .TI "\*(FC\-p \*(FR[\*(FC\*(FIfile\*(FR], \*(FC\-\^\-profile\*(FR[\*(FC=\*(FIfile\*(FR]
-send profiling data to \*(FIfile\*(FR
+Send profiling data to \*(FIfile\*(FR
 (default: \*(FCawkprof.out\*(FR).
 With \*(GK,
 the profile is just a ``pretty printed'' version of the program.
@@ -299,19 +292,37 @@ With \*(PK,
 the profile contains execution counts in the left margin
 of each statement in the program.
 .TI "\*(FC\-P\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-posix\*(FR
-disable common and GNU extensions.
+Disable common and GNU extensions.
+.TI "\*(FC\-R \*(FIfile\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-command \*(FIfile\*(FR"
+\*(FCdgawk\*(FR only.
+Read stored debugger commands from \*(FIfile\*(FR.
 .TI "\*(FC\-r\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-re\-interval\*(FR
-enable \*(FIinterval expressions\*(FR in regular
+Enable \*(FIinterval expressions\*(FR in regular
 expression matching (see \fHRegular
 Expressions\fP below). Useful if
 \*(FC\-\^\-traditional\*(FR is specified.
 .TI "\*(FC\-S\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-sandbox\*(FR
-disable the \*(FCsystem\*(FR function,
+Disable the \*(FCsystem()\*(FR function,
 input redirection with \*(FCgetline\*(FR,
 output redirection with \*(FCprint\*(FR and \*(FCprintf\*(FR,
-and dynamic extensions loading.
+and dynamic extensions loading.\*(CB
+.in -4n
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBCOMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
+
+.BT
+
+.\"
+.\"
+.\" --- Command Line Arguments (gawk) continued
+.ES
+.fi
+.in +4n
+.TI "\*(FC-t\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-lint\-old\*(FR
+Warn about constructs that are not
+portable to the original version of
+Unix \*(AK.
 .TI "\*(FC\-V\*(FR, \*(FC\-\^\-version\*(FR
-print version \" information
+Print version \" information
 info
 on \*(FCstdout\fP
 and exit zero.
@@ -326,8 +337,6 @@ options are passed on to the AWK program in
 for processing.\*(CB
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBCOMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
 
-.BT
-
 .\"
 .\"
 .\" --- Command Line Arguments (mawk)
@@ -340,26 +349,26 @@ for processing.\*(CB
 expand;
 l lw(1.8i).
 \*(FC\-W dump\*(FR	T{
-print an assembly listing of the program to
+Print an assembly listing of the program to
 \*(FCstdout\fP and exit zero.
 T}
 \*(FC\-W exec \*(FIfile\*(FR	T{
-read program text from \*(FIfile\fP. No other
+Read program text from \*(FIfile\fP. No other
 options are processed. Useful with \*(FC#!\fP.
 T}
 \*(FC\-W interactive\*(FR	T{
-unbuffer \*(FCstdout\fP and line buffer \*(FCstdin\fP.
+Unbuffer \*(FCstdout\fP and line buffer \*(FCstdin\fP.
 Lines are always records, ignoring \*(FCRS\fP.
 T}
 \*(FC\-W posix_space\*(FR	T{
 \*(FC\en\*(FR separates fields when \*(FCRS = "\^"\fP.
 T}
 \*(FC\-W sprintf=\*(FInum\*(FR	T{
-adjust the size of \*(MK's internal
+Adjust the size of \*(MK's internal
 \*(FCsprintf\*(FR buffer.
 T}
 \*(FC\-W version\*(FR	T{
-print version and copyright on
+Print version and copyright on
 \*(FCstdout\fP and limit information on \*(FCstderr\fP
 and exit zero.
 T}
@@ -380,13 +389,53 @@ and so on.\*(CB
 profile file.  It then continues to run.
 \*(FCSIGHUP\fP is similar, but exits.\*(CB
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBSIGNALS (\*(PK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
-.sp .7
+
+.\" --- Lines And Statements
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDAWK is a line-oriented language. The pattern comes first, and then the
+action. Action statements are enclosed in \*(FC{\fP and \*(FC}\*(FR.
+Either the pattern  or the action may be missing, but
+not both. If the pattern is missing, the action is
+executed for every input record.
+A missing action is equivalent to
+.sp .5
+	\*(FC{ print }\fP
+.sp .5
+which prints the entire record.
+.sp .5
+Comments begin with the \*(FC#\*(FR character, and continue until the
+end of the line.
+Normally, a statement ends with a newline, but lines ending in
+a ``,'',
+\*(FC{\*(FR,
+\*(CB\*(FC?\*(FR,
+\*(FC:\*(FR,\*(CD
+\*(FC&&\*(FR
+or
+\*(FC||\*(FR
+are automatically continued.
+Lines ending in \*(FCdo\fP or \*(FCelse\fP
+also have their statements automatically continued on the following line.
+In other cases, a line can be continued by ending it with a ``\e'',
+in which case the newline is ignored. However, a ``\e'' after a
+\*(FC#\*(FR is not special.
+.sp .5
+Multiple statements may be put on one line by separating them with a ``;''.
+This applies to both the statements within the action part of a
+pattern-action pair (the usual case)
+and to the pattern-action statements themselves.\*(CX
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBLINES AND STATEMENTS\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
+
 .\" --- Awk Program Execution
 .ES
 .fi
 \*(CDAWK programs are a sequence of pattern-action statements
 and optional function definitions.
 .sp .5
+	\*(CB\*(FC@include "\*(FIfilename\*(FC"\*(CD
+.br
 	\*(FIpattern\*(FC	{ \*(FIaction statements\*(FC }\*(FR
 .br
 	\*(FCfunction \*(FIname\*(FC(\*(FIparameter list\*(FC) { \*(FIstatements\*(FC }\*(FR
@@ -398,6 +447,9 @@ or from the first non-option argument on the command line.
 The program text is read as if all the \*(FIprog-file\*(FR(s)
 \*(CBand command line
 source texts\*(CD had been concatenated.
+.sp
+\*(GK includes files named on \*(FC@include\*(FR lines.
+Nested includes are allowed.\*(CD
 .sp .5
 AWK programs execute in the following order.
 First, all variable assignments specified via the \*(FC\-v\fP
@@ -425,6 +477,11 @@ a single data file.
 If the value of a particular element of \*(FCARGV\fP is empty
 (\*(FC"\^"\*(FR), \*(AK skips over it.
 .sp .5
+\*(CBFor each input file,
+if a \*(FCBEGINFILE\fP rule exists, \*(GK executes the associated code
+before processing the contents of the file. Similarly, \*(GK executes
+the code associated with \*(FCENDFILE\fP after processing the file.\*(CD
+.sp .5
 For each record in the input, \*(AK tests to see if it matches any
 \*(FIpattern\fP in the AWK program.
 For each pattern that the record matches, the associated
@@ -435,364 +492,10 @@ Finally, after all the input is exhausted,
 \*(AK executes the code in the \*(FCEND\fP rule(s), if any.
 .sp .5
 If a program only has a \*(FCBEGIN\fP rule, no input files are processed.
-If a program only has an \*(FCEND\fP rule, the input will be read.
+If a program only has an \*(FCEND\fP rule, the input is read.
 \*(CX
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBAWK PROGRAM EXECUTION\*(FR\s0"
-
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- Lines And Statements
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDAWK is a line-oriented language. The pattern comes first, and then the
-action. Action statements are enclosed in \*(FC{\fP and \*(FC}\*(FR.
-Either the pattern  or the action may be missing, but
-not both. If the pattern is missing, the action is
-executed for every input record.
-A missing action is equivalent to
-.sp .5
-	\*(FC{ print }\fP
-.sp .5
-which prints the entire record.
-.sp .5
-Comments begin with the \*(FC#\*(FR character, and continue until the
-end of the line.
-Normally, a statement ends with a newline, but lines ending in
-a ``,'',
-\*(FC{\*(FR,
-\*(CB\*(FC?\*(FR,
-\*(FC:\*(FR,\*(CD
-\*(FC&&\*(FR
-or
-\*(FC||\*(FR
-are automatically continued.
-Lines ending in \*(FCdo\fP or \*(FCelse\fP
-also have their statements automatically continued on the following line.
-In other cases, a line can be continued by ending it with a ``\e'',
-in which case the newline is ignored. However, a ``\e'' after a
-\*(FC#\*(FR is not special.
-.sp .5
-Multiple statements may be put on one line by separating them with a ``;''.
-This applies to both the statements within the action part of a
-pattern-action pair (the usual case)
-and to the pattern-action statements themselves.\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBLINES AND STATEMENTS\*(FR\s0"
-
-
-
-.\" --- Regular Expressions
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDRegular expressions are the extended kind originally defined by
-\*(FCegrep\fP.
-\*(CBAdditional GNU regexp operators are supported by \*(GK.
-A \*(FIword-constituent\fP character is a letter, digit, or
-underscore (\*(FC_\fP).\*(CD
-.sp .5
-.TS
-center, tab(~);
-cp8 sp8
-cp8 sp8
-lp8|lp8.
-.\" .vs 10
-_
-Summary of Regular Expressions
-In Decreasing Precedence
-_
-\*(FC(\^\*(FIr\*(FC)\*(FR~regular expression (for grouping)
-\*(FIc\*(FR~if non-special char, matches itself
-\*(FC\e\*(FI\^c\*(FR~turn off special meaning of \*(FIc\fP
-\*(FC^\*(FR~beginning of string (note: \*(FInot\fP line)
-\*(FC$\*(FR~end of string (note: \*(FInot\fP line)
-\*(FC.\*(FR~any single character, including newline
-\*(FC[\*(FR...\*(FC]\*(FR~any one character in ... or range
-\*(FC[^\*(FR...\*(FC]\*(FR~any one character not in ... or range
-\*(CB\*(FC\ey\*(FR~word boundary
-\*(FC\eB\*(FR~middle of a word
-\*(FC\e<\*(FR~beginning of a word
-\*(FC\e>\*(FR~end of a word
-\*(FC\es\*(FR~any whitespace character
-\*(FC\eS\*(FR~any non-whitespace character
-\*(FC\ew\*(FR~any word-constituent character
-\*(FC\eW\*(FR~any non-word-constituent character
-\*(FC\e`\*(FR~beginning of a string
-\*(FC\e'\*(FR~end of a string\*(CD
-\*(FIr\*(FC*\*(FR~zero or more occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR
-\*(FIr\*(FC+\*(FR~one or more occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR
-\*(FIr\*(FC?\*(FR~zero or one occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR
-\*(FIr\*(FC{\*(FIn\*(FC,\*(FIm\*(FC}\*(FR~\*(FIn\fP to \*(FIm\fP occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR \*(CR(POSIX: see note below)\*(CD
-\*(FIr1\*(FC|\|\*(FIr2\*(FR~\*(FIr1\*(FR or \*(FIr2\*(FR
-.TE
-.sp .5
-.fi
-\*(CRThe \*(FIr\*(FC{\*(FIn\*(FC,\*(FIm\*(FC}\*(FR notation is called an
-\*(FIinterval expression\fP. POSIX mandates it for AWK regexps, but
-most \*(AKs don't implement it.\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBREGULAR EXPRESSIONS\*(FR\s0"
-
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- POSIX Character Classes
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDIn regular expressions, within character ranges
-(\*(FC[\*(FR...\*(FC]\*(FR),
-the notation \*(FC[[:\*(FIclass\*(FC:]]\*(FR defines character classes \*(CR(not \*(MK\fP)\*(CD:
-.sp .5
-.TS
-center, tab(~);
-lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
-\*(FCalnum\*(FR~alphanumeric~\*(FClower\*(FR~lower-case
-\*(FCalpha\*(FR~alphabetic~\*(FCprint\*(FR~printable
-\*(FCblank\*(FR~space or tab~\*(FCpunct\*(FR~punctuation
-\*(FCcntrl\*(FR~control~\*(FCspace\*(FR~whitespace
-\*(FCdigit\*(FR~decimal~\*(FCupper\*(FR~upper-case
-\*(FCgraph\*(FR~non-spaces~\*(FCxdigit\*(FR~hexadecimal
-.TE
-.fi
-.sp .5
-\*(CB\*(FRRecognition of these character classes is disabled
-when \*(FC\-\-traditional\*(FR is supplied.\*(CL
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBPOSIX CHARACTER CLASSES\*(FR\s0"
-
-.\" --- Records
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDNormally, records are separated by newline characters.
-Assigning values to the built-in variable \*(FCRS\*(FR
-controls how records are separated.
-If \*(FCRS\fP is any single character, that character separates records.
-\*(CLOtherwise, \*(FCRS\fP is a regular expression.
-\*(CR(Not \*(NK.)\*(CL
-Text in the input that matches this
-regular expression separates the record.
-\*(CB\*(GK sets \*(FCRT\*(FR to the value of the
-input text that matched the regular expression.
-The value of \*(FCIGNORECASE\fP
-also affects how records are separated when
-\*(FCRS\fP is a regular expression.\*(CD
-If \*(FCRS\fP is set to the null string,
-then records are separated by one or more blank lines.
-When \*(FCRS\fP is set to the null string,
-the newline character always acts as
-a field separator, in addition to whatever value
-\*(FCFS\fP may have.
-\*(CB\*(MK does not apply exceptional rules to \*(FCFS\fP
-when \*(FCRS = "\^"\fP.\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBRECORDS\*(FR\s0"
-
-.\" --- Fields
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDAs each input record is read, \*(AK splits the record into
-\*(FIfields\*(FR, using the value of the \*(FCFS\fP
-variable as the field separator.
-If \*(FCFS\fP is a single character,
-fields are separated by that character.
-\*(CLIf \*(FCFS\fP is the null string,
-then each individual character becomes a separate field.\*(CD
-Otherwise, \*(FCFS\fP is expected to be a full regular expression.
-In the special case that \*(FCFS\fP
-is a single space, fields are separated
-by runs of spaces and/or tabs
-\*(CLand/or newlines\*(CD.
-Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored.
-\*(CBThe value of \*(FCIGNORECASE\fP
-also affects how fields are split when
-\*(FCFS\fP is a regular expression.\*(CD
-.sp .5
-\*(CBIf the \*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\fP
-variable is set to a space-separated list of numbers, each field is
-expected to have a fixed width, and \*(GK
-splits up the record using the specified widths.
-The value of \*(FCFS\fP is ignored.
-Assigning a new value to \*(FCFS\fP
-overrides the use of \*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\*(FR.
-and restores the default behavior.
-.sp .5
-Similarly, if the
-\*(FCFPAT\fP
-variable is set to a string representing a regular expression,
-each field is made up of text that matches that regular expression. In
-this case, the regular expression describes the fields themselves,
-instead of the text that separates the fields.
-Assigning a new value to
-\*(FCFS\fP
-or
-\*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\fP
-overrides the use of
-\*(FCFPAT\fP.\*(CD
-.sp .5
-Each field in the input record may be referenced by its position,
-\*(FC$1\*(FR, \*(FC$2\*(FR and so on.
-\*(FC$0\fP is the whole record.
-Fields may also be assigned new values.
-.sp .5
-The variable \*(FCNF\fP
-is set to the total number of fields in the input record.
-.sp .5
-References to non-existent fields (i.e., fields after \*(FC$NF\*(FR)
-produce the null-string. However, assigning to a non-existent field
-(e.g., \*(FC$(NF+2) = 5\*(FR) increases the value of
-\*(FCNF\*(FR, creates any intervening fields with the null string as their value,
-and causes the value of \*(FC$0\fP
-to be recomputed with the fields being separated by the
-value of \*(FCOFS\*(FR.
-References to negative numbered fields cause a fatal error.
-Decreasing the value of \*(FCNF\fP causes the trailing fields to be lost
-\*(CR(not \*(NK).\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBFIELDS\*(FR\s0"
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- Pattern Elements
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDAWK patterns may be one of the following.
-.sp .5
-.nf
-	\*(FCBEGIN
-	END
-	BEGINFILE
-	ENDFILE
-	\*(FIexpression	
-	pat1\*(FC,\*(FIpat2\*(FR
-.sp .5
-.fi
-\*(FCBEGIN\fP and \*(FCEND\fP are special patterns that provide start-up
-and clean-up actions respectively. They must have actions. There can
-be multiple \*(FCBEGIN\fP and \*(FCEND\fP rules; they are merged and
-executed as if there had just been one large rule. They may occur anywhere
-in a program, including different source files.
-.sp .5
-\*(FCBEGINFILE\*(FR and \*(FCENDFILE\*(FR are special patterns that
-execute before the first record of each file and after the last record
-of each file, respectively. In the \*(FCBEGINFILE\*(FR rule, the \*(FCERRNO\*(FR
-variable is non-null if there is a problem with the file; the code should use
-\*(FCnextfile\*(FR to skip the file if desired. Otherwise \*(GK exits with
-its usual fatal error.
-.sp .5
-Expression patterns can be any expression, as described
-under \fHExpressions\fP.
-.sp .5
-The \*(FIpat1\*(FC,\*(FIpat2\*(FR pattern
-is called a \*(FIrange pattern\*(FR.
-It matches all input records starting with a record that matches
-\*(FIpat1\*(FR, and continuing until a record that matches
-\*(FIpat2\*(FR, inclusive.
-It does not combine with any other pattern expression.\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBPATTERN ELEMENTS\*(FR\s0"
-
-.\" --- Action Statements
-.ES
-.fi
-.in +.2i
-.ti -.2i
-\*(CD\*(FCbreak\*(FR
-.br
-break out of the nearest enclosing \*(FCdo\*(FR, \*(FCfor\*(FR,
-or \*(FCwhile\*(FR loop.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCcontinue\*(FR
-.br
-skip the rest of the loop body.
-Evaluate the \*(FIcondition\*(FR
-part of the nearest enclosing \*(FCdo\*(FR or \*(FCwhile\*(FR loop,
-or go to the \*(FIincr\*(FR part of a \*(FCfor\*(FR loop.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCdelete \*(FIarray\^\*(FC[\^\*(FIindex\^\*(FC]\*(FR
-.br
-delete element \*(FIindex\*(FR from array \*(FIarray\*(FR.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(CL\*(FCdelete \*(FIarray\^\*(FR
-.br
-delete all elements from array \*(FIarray\*(FR.\*(CD
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCdo \*(FIstatement  \*(FCwhile (\*(FIcondition\*(FC)\*(FR
-.br
-execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR while \*(FIcondition\*(FR is true.
-The \*(FIstatement\*(FR is always executed at least once.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCexit\*(FR [ \*(FIexpression\*(FR ]
-.br
-terminate input record processing.
-Execute the \*(FCEND\*(FR rule(s) if present.
-If present, \*(FIexpression\*(FR becomes \*(AK's return value.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCfor (\*(FIinit\*(FC; \*(FIcond\*(FC; \*(FIincr\*(FC) \*(FIstatement\*(FR
-.br
-execute \*(FIinit\*(FR.
-Evaluate \*(FIcond\*(FR.
-If it is true, execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR.
-Execute \*(FIincr\*(FR before going back to the top to
-re-evaluate \*(FIcond\*(FR.
-Any of the three may be omitted.
-A missing \*(FIcond\*(FR is considered to be true.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCfor (\*(FIvar \*(FCin\*(FI array\*(FC) \*(FIstatement\*(FR
-.br
-execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR once for each subscript in \*(FIarray\*(FR,
-with \*(FIvar\*(FR set to a different subscript each time through
-the loop.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(CD\*(FCif (\*(FIcondition\*(FC) \*(FIstatement1\*(FR [ \*(FCelse\*(FI statement2\*(FR ]
-.br
-if \*(FIcondition\*(FR is true, execute \*(FIstatement1\*(FR,
-otherwise execute \*(FIstatement2\*(FR. Each \*(FCelse\*(FR
-matches the closest \*(FCif\*(FR.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FCnext\*(FR	see \fHInput Control.\fP
-.ti -.2i
-\*(CL\*(FCnextfile\*(FR \*(CR(not \*(MK)	\*(CLsee \fHInput Control.\fP\*(CD
-.ti -.2i
-.\" --- Start switch statement
-\*(CB\*(FCswitch (\*(FIexpression\*(FC) {
-.br
-  case [\*(FIvalue\*(FC|\*(FIregular expression\*(FC] : \*(FIstatement(s)\*(FC
-.br
-  default: \*(FIstatement(s)\*(FC
-.br
-}\*(FR
-.br
-switch on \*(FIexpression\*(FR, execute \*(FIcase\*(FR if matched, default if not.\*(CD
-.ti -.2i
-.\" --- End switch statement
-\*(FCwhile (\*(FIcondition\*(FC) \*(FIstatement \*(FR
-.br
-while \*(FIcondition\*(FR is true, execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC{ \*(FIstatements \*(FC}\*(FR
-.br
-a list of statements enclosed in braces can be used anywhere
-that a single statement would otherwise be used.\*(CX
-.in -.2i
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBACTION STATEMENTS\*(FR\s0"
-
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- Escape Sequences
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDWithin strings constants (\*(FC"..."\fP) and regexp
-constants (\*(FC/.../\fP), escape sequences may be used to
-generate otherwise unprintable characters. This table lists
-the available escape sequences.
 .sp .5
-.TS
-center, tab(~);
-lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
-\*(FC\ea\fP~alert (bell)~\*(FC\er\fP~carriage return
-\*(FC\eb\fP~backspace~\*(FC\et\fP~horizontal tab
-\*(FC\ef\fP~form feed~\*(FC\ev\fP~vertical tab
-\*(FC\en\fP~newline~\*(FC\e\e\fP~backslash
-\*(FC\e\*(FIddd\*(FR~octal value \*(FIddd\fP~\*(CL\*(FC\ex\*(FIhh\*(FR~hex value \*(FIhh\fP\*(CD
-\*(FC\e"\fP~double quote~\*(FC\e/\fP~forward slash\*(CX
-.TE
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBESCAPE SEQUENCES\*(FR\s0"
-.sp .7
 .\" --- Variables
 .ES
 .fi
@@ -800,69 +503,77 @@ lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
 expand;
 l lw(2i).
 \*(CD\*(FCARGC\fP	T{
-number of command line arguments.
+Number of command line arguments.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCARGIND\fP	T{
-index in \*(FCARGV\fP of current data file.\*(CD
+Index in \*(FCARGV\fP of current data file.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FCARGV\fP	T{
-array of command line arguments. Indexed from
+Array of command line arguments. Indexed from
 0 to \*(FCARGC\fP \- 1. Dynamically changing the
 contents of \*(FCARGV\fP can control the files used
 for data.
 T}
 \*(CL\*(FCBINMODE\fP	T{
-controls ``binary'' mode for all file I/O.  Values of 1, 2, or 3,
+Controls ``binary'' mode for all file I/O.  Values of 1, 2, or 3,
 indicate input, output, or all files, respectively, should use binary
 I/O.  \*(CR(Not \*(NK.)  \*(CLApplies only to non-POSIX systems.
 \*(CBFor \*(GK, string values of \*(FC"r"\fP, or \*(FC"w"\fP specify
 that input files, or output files, respectively, should use binary I/O.
-String values of \*(FC"rw"\fP or \*(FC"wr"\fP specify that all files
-should use binary I/O.  Any other string value is treated as \*(FC"rw"\fP,
-but generates a warning message.\*(CD
+Use \*(FC"rw"\fP or \*(FC"wr"\fP for all files.\*(CX
 T}
+.TE
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBVARIABLES\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
+
+.\" --- Variables (continued)
+.ES
+.fi
+.TS
+expand;
+l lw(2i).
 \*(FCCONVFMT\fP	T{
-conversion format for numbers, default value
+Conversion format for numbers, default value
 is \*(FC"%.6g"\*(FR.
 T}
 \*(FCENVIRON\fP	T{
-array containing the current environment.
-The array is indexed by the environment
+Array containing the current environment.
+it is indexed by the environment
 variables, each element being the value of
 that variable.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCERRNO\fP	T{
-string describing the error if a
+String describing the error if a
 \*(FCgetline\*(FR
 redirection or read
 fails, or if
 \*(FCclose()\*(FR fails.
 T}
 \*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\fP	T{
-white-space separated list of fieldwidths. Used
+Whitespace separated list of fieldwidths. Used
 to parse the input into fields of fixed width,
 instead of the value of \*(FCFS\fP.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FCFILENAME\fP	T{
-name of the current input file. If no files given
+Name of the current input file. If no files given
 on the command line, \*(FCFILENAME\fP is ``\-''.
 \*(FCFILENAME\fP is undefined inside the \*(FCBEGIN\fP rule
 (unless set by \*(FCgetline\fP).
 T}
 \*(FCFNR\fP	T{
-record number in current input file.
+Record number in current input file.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCFPAT\fP	T{
-regular expression describing field contents.
+Regular expression describing field contents.
 Used to parse the input based on the fields
 instead of the field separator.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FCFS\fP	T{
-input field separator, a space by default
+Input field separator, a space by default
 (see \fHFields\fP above).
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCIGNORECASE\fP	T{
-if non-zero, all regular expression and string
+If non-zero, all regular expression and string
 operations ignore case.
 Array subscripting
 is \*(FInot\*(FR affected.
@@ -873,125 +584,64 @@ and
 function are affected.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCLINT\fP	T{
-provides dynamic control of the \*(FC\-\^\-lint\fP
+Provides dynamic control of the \*(FC\-\^\-lint\fP
 option from within an AWK program.
 When true, \*(GK
 prints lint warnings.
 When assigned the string value \*(FC"fatal"\*(FR,
-lint warnings become fatal errors, exactly like
-\*(FC\-\-lint=fatal\*(FR.
+lint warnings become fatal errors.
 Any other true value just prints warnings.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FCNF\fP	T{
-number of fields in the current input record.
+Number of fields in the current input record.
 T}
 \*(FCNR\fP	T{
-total number of input records seen so far.\*(CX
+Total number of input records seen so far.\*(CX
 T}
-.TE
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBVARIABLES\*(FR\s0"
-.BT
-
-.\" --- Variables (continued)
-.ES
-.fi
-.TS
-expand;
-l lw(2i).
 \*(CD\*(FCOFMT\fP	T{
-output format for numbers, \*(FC"%.6g"\*(FR, by default.
-\*(CROld versions of \*(AK used this for number
-to string conversion.\*(CD
+Output format for numbers, \*(FC"%.6g"\*(FR, by default.
 T}
 \*(FCOFS\fP	T{
-output field separator, a space by default.
+Output field separator, a space by default.
 T}
 \*(FCORS\fP	T{
-output record separator, a newline by default.
+Output record separator, a newline by default.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCPROCINFO\fP	T{
-elements of this array provide access to info
+Elements of this array provide access to information
 about the running AWK program. See
 \*(AM for details.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FCRLENGTH\fP	T{
-length of the string matched by \*(FCmatch()\*(FR;
+Length of the string matched by \*(FCmatch()\*(FR;
 \-1 if no match.
 T}
 \*(FCRS\fP	T{
-input record separator, a newline by default
+Input record separator, a newline by default
 (see \fHRecords\fP above).
 T}
 \*(FCRSTART\fP	T{
-index of the first character matched by
+Index of the first character matched by
 \*(FCmatch()\*(FR; 0 if no match.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCRT\fP	T{
-record terminator. \*(GK sets \*(FCRT\fP to the input
+Record terminator. \*(GK sets \*(FCRT\fP to the input
 text that matched the character or regular
 expression specified by \*(FCRS\*(FR.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FCSUBSEP\fP	T{
-character(s) used to separate multiple subscripts
+Character(s) used to separate multiple subscripts
 in array elements, by default \*(FC"\e034"\*(FR. (See
 \fHArrays\fP below).
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FCTEXTDOMAIN\fP	T{
-the application's text domain for internationalization;
-used to find the localized
-translations for the program's strings.\*(CX
+The internationalization text domain,
+for finding the localized
+translations of the program's strings.\*(CX
 T}
 .TE
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBVARIABLES (continued)\*(FR\s0"
 
-.\" --- Conversions and Comparisons
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDVariables and fields may be (floating point) numbers, strings or both.
-Context determines how the value of a variable is interpreted. If used in
-a numeric expression, it will be treated as a number, if used as a string
-it will be treated as a string.
-.sp .5
-To force a variable to be treated as a number, add 0 to it; to force it
-to be treated as a string, concatenate it with the null string.
-.sp .5
-When a string must be converted to a number, the conversion is accomplished
-using \*(FIstrtod\*(FR(3).
-A number is converted to a string by using the value of \*(FCCONVFMT\fP
-as a format string for \*(FIsprintf\*(FR(3),
-with the numeric value of the variable as the argument.
-However, even though all numbers in AWK are floating-point,
-integral values are \*(FIalways\fP converted as integers.
-.sp .5
-Comparisons are performed as follows:
-If two variables are numeric, they are compared numerically.
-If one value is numeric and the other has a string value that is a
-``numeric string,'' then comparisons are also done numerically.
-Otherwise, the numeric value is converted to a string, and a string
-comparison is performed.
-Two strings are compared, of course, as strings.
-.sp .5
-Note that string constants, such as \*(FC"57"\fP, are \*(FInot\fP
-numeric strings, they are string constants. The idea of ``numeric string''
-only applies to fields, \*(FCgetline\fP input,
-\*(FCFILENAME\*(FR, \*(FCARGV\fP elements, \*(FCENVIRON\fP
-elements and the elements of an array created by
-\*(FCsplit()\fP or
-\*(FCpatsplit()\fP that are numeric strings.
-The basic idea is that \*(FIuser input\*(FR,
-and only user input, that looks numeric,
-should be treated that way.
-\*(CRNote that the POSIX standard applies the concept of
-``numeric string'' everywhere, even to string constants.
-However, this is
-clearly incorrect, and none of the three free \*(AK\*(FRs do this.\*(CD
-(Fortunately, this is fixed in the next version of the standard.)
-.sp .5
-Uninitialized variables have the numeric value 0 and the string value
-\*(FC"\^"\fP
-(the null, or empty, string).\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBCONVERSIONS AND COMPARISONS\*(FR\s0"
-
 .BT
 
 .\" --- Arrays
@@ -1056,7 +706,7 @@ i.e., not used on the right-hand side of
 \*(CB\*(FCgensub()\fP,\*(CD
 \*(FCgsub()\fP,
 \*(FCmatch()\fP,
-\*(FCpatsplit()\fP,
+\*(CB\*(FCpatsplit()\fP,\*(CD
 \*(FCsplit()\fP,
 and
 \*(FCsub()\fP,
@@ -1068,35 +718,539 @@ The AWK operators, in order of decreasing precedence, are:
 .TS
 expand;
 l lw(1.8i).
-\*(FC(\&...)\*(FR	grouping
-\*(FC$\fP	field reference
+\*(FC(\&...)\*(FR	Grouping
+\*(FC$\fP	Field reference
 \*(FC++ \-\^\-\fP	T{
-increment and decrement,
+Increment and decrement,
 prefix and postfix
 T}
-\*(FC^\fP \*(CL\*(FC**\*(FR\*(CD	exponentiation
-\*(FC+ \- !\fP	unary plus, unary minus, and logical negation
-\*(FC* / %\fP	multiplication, division, and modulus
-\*(FC+ \-\fP	addition and subtraction
-\*(FIspace\fP	string concatenation
-\*(FC< >\fP	less than, greater than
-\*(FC<= >=\fP	less than or equal, greater than or equal
-\*(FC!= ==\fP	not equal, equal
-\*(FC~ !~\fP	regular expression match, negated match
-\*(FCin\fP	array membership
-\*(FC&&\fP	logical AND, short circuit
-\*(FC||\fP	logical OR, short circuit
-\*(FC?\^:\fP	in-line conditional expression
+\*(FC^\fP \*(CL\*(FC**\*(FR\*(CD	Exponentiation
+\*(FC+ \- !\fP	Unary plus, unary minus, and logical negation
+\*(FC* / %\fP	Multiplication, division, and modulus
+\*(FC+ \-\fP	Addition and subtraction
+\*(FIspace\fP	String concatenation
+\*(FC< >\fP	Less than, greater than
+\*(FC<= >=\fP	Less than or equal, greater than or equal
+\*(FC!= ==\fP	Not equal, equal
+\*(FC~ !~\fP	Regular expression match, negated match
+\*(FCin\fP	Array membership
+\*(FC&&\fP	Logical AND, short circuit
+\*(FC||\fP	Logical OR, short circuit
+\*(FC?\^:\fP	In-line conditional expression
 .T&
 l s
 l lw(1.8i).
 \*(FC=\0+=\0\-=\0*=\0/=\0%=\0^=\0\*(CL**=\*(CD\fP
-	assignment operators\*(CX
+	Assignment operators\*(CX
 .TE
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBEXPRESSIONS\*(FR\s0"
 
 .BT
 
+.\" --- Conversions and Comparisons
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDVariables and fields may be (floating point) numbers, strings or both.
+Context determines how a variable's value is interpreted. If used in
+a numeric expression, it will be treated as a number, if used as a string
+it will be treated as a string.
+.sp .5
+To force a variable to be treated as a number, add 0 to it; to force it
+to be treated as a string, concatenate it with the null string.
+.sp .5
+When a string must be converted to a number, the conversion is accomplished
+using \*(FIstrtod\*(FR(3).
+A number is converted to a string by using the value of \*(FCCONVFMT\fP
+as a format string for \*(FIsprintf\*(FR(3),
+with the numeric value of the variable as the argument.
+However, even though all numbers in AWK are floating-point,
+integral values are \*(FIalways\fP converted as integers.
+.sp .5
+Comparisons are performed as follows:
+If two variables are numeric, they are compared numerically.
+If one value is numeric and the other has a string value that is a
+``numeric string,'' then comparisons are also done numerically.
+Otherwise, the numeric value is converted to a string, and a string
+comparison is performed.
+Two strings are compared, of course, as strings.
+.sp .5
+Note that string constants, such as \*(FC"57"\fP, are \*(FInot\fP
+numeric strings, they are string constants. The idea of ``numeric string''
+only applies to fields, \*(FCgetline\fP input,
+\*(FCFILENAME\*(FR, \*(FCARGV\fP elements, \*(FCENVIRON\fP
+elements and the elements of an array created by \*(FCsplit()\fP
+\*(CBor \*(FCpatsplit()\fP\*(CD that are numeric strings.
+The basic idea is that \*(FIuser input\*(FR,
+and only user input, that looks numeric,
+should be treated that way.\*(CD
+.sp .5
+Uninitialized variables have the numeric value 0 and the string value
+\*(FC"\^"\fP
+(the null, or empty, string).\*(CX
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBCONVERSIONS AND COMPARISONS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.\" --- Pattern Elements
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDAWK patterns may be one of the following.
+.sp .5
+.nf
+	\*(FCBEGIN
+	END
+	\*(CBBEGINFILE
+	ENDFILE\*(CD
+	\*(FIexpression	
+	pat1\*(FC,\*(FIpat2\*(FR
+.sp .5
+.fi
+\*(FCBEGIN\fP and \*(FCEND\fP are special patterns that provide start-up
+and clean-up actions respectively. They must have actions. There can
+be multiple \*(FCBEGIN\fP and \*(FCEND\fP rules; they are merged and
+executed as if there had just been one large rule. They may occur anywhere
+in a program, including different source files.
+.sp .5
+\*(CB\*(FCBEGINFILE\*(FR and \*(FCENDFILE\*(FR are special patterns that
+execute before the first record of each file and after the last record
+of each file, respectively. In the \*(FCBEGINFILE\*(FR rule, the \*(FCERRNO\*(FR
+variable is non-null if there is a problem with the file; the code should use
+\*(FCnextfile\*(FR to skip the file if desired. Otherwise \*(GK exits with
+its usual fatal error.  The actions for multiple
+\*(FCBEGINFILE\*(FR and \*(FCENDFILE\*(FR patterns are merged.\*(CD
+.sp .5
+Expression patterns can be any expression, as described
+under \fHExpressions\fP.
+.sp .5
+The \*(FIpat1\*(FC,\*(FIpat2\*(FR pattern
+is called a \*(FIrange pattern\*(FR.
+It matches all input records starting with a record that matches
+\*(FIpat1\*(FR, and continuing until a record that matches
+\*(FIpat2\*(FR, inclusive.
+It does not combine with any other pattern expression.\*(CX
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBPATTERN ELEMENTS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.BT
+
+.\" --- Action Statements
+.ES
+.fi
+.in +.2i
+.ti -.2i
+\*(CD\*(FCbreak\*(FR
+.br
+Break out of the nearest enclosing
+\*(CB\*(FCswitch\fP statement, or\*(CD
+\*(FCdo\*(FR, \*(FCfor\*(FR, or \*(FCwhile\*(FR loop.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCcontinue\*(FR
+.br
+Skip the rest of the loop body.
+Evaluate the \*(FIcondition\*(FR
+part of the nearest enclosing \*(FCdo\*(FR or \*(FCwhile\*(FR loop,
+or go to the \*(FIincr\*(FR part of a \*(FCfor\*(FR loop.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCdelete \*(FIarray\^\*(FC[\^\*(FIindex\^\*(FC]\*(FR
+.br
+Delete element \*(FIindex\*(FR from array \*(FIarray\*(FR.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(CL\*(FCdelete \*(FIarray\^\*(FR
+.br
+Delete all elements from array \*(FIarray\*(FR.\*(CD
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCdo \*(FIstatement  \*(FCwhile (\*(FIcondition\*(FC)\*(FR
+.br
+Execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR while \*(FIcondition\*(FR is true.
+The \*(FIstatement\*(FR is always executed at least once.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCexit\*(FR [ \*(FIexpression\*(FR ]
+.br
+Terminate input record processing.
+Execute the \*(FCEND\*(FR rule(s) if present.
+If present, \*(FIexpression\*(FR becomes \*(AK's return value.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCfor (\*(FIinit\*(FC; \*(FIcond\*(FC; \*(FIincr\*(FC) \*(FIstatement\*(FR
+.br
+Execute \*(FIinit\*(FR.
+Evaluate \*(FIcond\*(FR.
+If it is true, execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR.
+Execute \*(FIincr\*(FR before going back to the top to
+re-evaluate \*(FIcond\*(FR.
+Any of the three may be omitted.
+A missing \*(FIcond\*(FR is considered to be true.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCfor (\*(FIvar \*(FCin\*(FI array\*(FC) \*(FIstatement\*(FR
+.br
+Execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR once for each subscript in \*(FIarray\*(FR,
+with \*(FIvar\*(FR set to a different subscript each time through
+the loop.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(CD\*(FCif (\*(FIcondition\*(FC) \*(FIstatement1\*(FR [ \*(FCelse\*(FI statement2\*(FR ]
+.br
+If \*(FIcondition\*(FR is true, execute \*(FIstatement1\*(FR,
+otherwise execute \*(FIstatement2\*(FR. Each \*(FCelse\*(FR
+matches the closest \*(FCif\*(FR.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FCnext\*(FR	See \fHInput Control.\fP
+.ti -.2i
+\*(CL\*(FCnextfile\*(FR	See \fHInput Control.\fP\*(CD
+.in -.2i
+.\" --- Start switch statement
+\*(CB\*(FCswitch (\*(FIexpression\*(FC) {
+.br
+case \*(FIconstant\*(FC|\*(FIregular expression\*(FC: \*(FIstatement(s)
+.br
+\*(FCdefault: \*(FIstatement(s)
+.br
+\*(FC}\*(FR
+.in +.2i
+.br
+Switch on \*(FIexpression\*(FR,
+execute \*(FIcase\*(FR if matched, default if not.
+The \*(FCdefault\fP label and associated statements are optional.\*(CD
+.ti -.2i
+.\" --- End switch statement
+\*(FCwhile (\*(FIcondition\*(FC) \*(FIstatement \*(FR
+.br
+While \*(FIcondition\*(FR is true, execute \*(FIstatement\*(FR.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC{ \*(FIstatements \*(FC}\*(FR
+.br
+A list of statements enclosed in braces can be used anywhere
+that a single statement would otherwise be used.\*(CX
+.in -.2i
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBACTION STATEMENTS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.\" --- Escape Sequences
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDWithin strings constants (\*(FC"..."\fP) and regexp
+constants (\*(FC/.../\fP), escape sequences may be used to
+generate otherwise unprintable characters. This table lists
+the available escape sequences.
+.sp .5
+.TS
+center, tab(~);
+lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
+\*(FC\ea\fP~alert (bell)~\*(FC\er\fP~carriage return
+\*(FC\eb\fP~backspace~\*(FC\et\fP~horizontal tab
+\*(FC\ef\fP~form feed~\*(FC\ev\fP~vertical tab
+\*(FC\en\fP~newline~\*(FC\e\e\fP~backslash
+\*(FC\e\*(FIddd\*(FR~octal value \*(FIddd\fP~\*(CL\*(FC\ex\*(FIhh\*(FR~hex value \*(FIhh\fP\*(CD
+\*(FC\e"\fP~double quote~\*(FC\e/\fP~forward slash\*(CX
+.TE
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBESCAPE SEQUENCES\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
+
+.\" --- Records
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDNormally, records are separated by newline characters.
+Assigning values to the built-in variable \*(FCRS\*(FR
+controls how records are separated.
+If \*(FCRS\fP is any single character, that character separates records.
+\*(CLOtherwise, \*(FCRS\fP is a regular expression.
+\*(CR(Not \*(NK.)\*(CL
+Text in the input that matches this
+regular expression separates the record.
+\*(CB\*(GK sets \*(FCRT\*(FR to the value of the
+input text that matched the regular expression.
+The value of \*(FCIGNORECASE\fP
+also affects how records are separated when
+\*(FCRS\fP is a regular expression.\*(CD
+If \*(FCRS\fP is set to the null string,
+then records are separated by one or more blank lines.
+When \*(FCRS\fP is set to the null string,
+the newline character always acts as
+a field separator, in addition to whatever value
+\*(FCFS\fP may have.
+\*(CB\*(MK does not apply exceptional rules to \*(FCFS\fP
+when \*(FCRS = "\^"\fP.\*(CX
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBRECORDS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.\" --- Fields
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDAs each input record is read, \*(AK splits the record into
+\*(FIfields\*(FR, using the value of the \*(FCFS\fP
+variable as the field separator.
+If \*(FCFS\fP is a single character,
+fields are separated by that character.
+\*(CLIf \*(FCFS\fP is the null string,
+then each individual character becomes a separate field.\*(CD
+Otherwise, \*(FCFS\fP is expected to be a full regular expression.
+In the special case that \*(FCFS\fP
+is a single space, fields are separated
+by runs of spaces and/or tabs
+\*(CLand/or newlines\*(CD.
+Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored.
+\*(CBThe value of \*(FCIGNORECASE\fP
+also affects how fields are split when
+\*(FCFS\fP is a regular expression.\*(CD
+.sp .5
+\*(CBIf the \*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\fP
+variable is set to a space-separated list of numbers, each field is
+expected to have a fixed width, and \*(GK
+splits up the record using the specified widths.
+The value of \*(FCFS\fP is ignored.
+Assigning a new value to \*(FCFS\fP or \*(FCFPAT\fP
+overrides the use of \*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\*(FR.
+and restores the default behavior.
+.sp .5
+Similarly, if the
+\*(FCFPAT\fP
+variable is set to a string representing a regular expression,
+each field is made up of text that matches that regular expression. In
+this case, the regular expression describes the fields themselves,
+instead of the text that separates the fields.
+Assigning a new value to
+\*(FCFS\fP
+or
+\*(FCFIELDWIDTHS\fP
+overrides the use of
+\*(FCFPAT\fP.\*(CD
+.sp .5
+Each field in the input record may be referenced by its position,
+\*(FC$1\*(FR, \*(FC$2\*(FR and so on.
+\*(FC$0\fP is the whole record.
+Fields may also be assigned new values.
+.sp .5
+The variable \*(FCNF\fP
+is set to the total number of fields in the input record.
+.sp .5
+References to non-existent fields (i.e., fields after \*(FC$NF\*(FR)
+produce the null-string. However, assigning to a non-existent field
+(e.g., \*(FC$(NF+2) = 5\*(FR) increases the value of
+\*(FCNF\*(FR, creates any intervening fields with the null string as their value,
+and causes the value of \*(FC$0\fP
+to be recomputed with the fields being separated by the
+value of \*(FCOFS\*(FR.
+References to negative numbered fields cause a fatal error.
+Decreasing the value of \*(FCNF\fP causes the trailing fields to be lost
+\*(CR(not \*(NK).\*(CX
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBFIELDS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.\" --- Historical Features
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDIt is possible to call the \*(FClength()\fP
+built-in function not only with no argument, but even without parentheses.
+Doing so, however, is poor practice,
+and \*(GK
+issues a warning about its use if \*(FC\-\^\-lint\fP
+is specified on the command line.\*(CB
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBHISTORICAL FEATURES (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
+
+.\" --- Regular Expressions
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDRegular expressions are the extended kind originally defined by
+\*(FCegrep\fP.
+\*(CB\*(GK supports additional GNU operators.
+A \*(FIword-constituent\fP character is a letter, digit, or
+underscore (\*(FC_\fP).\*(CD
+.sp .5
+.TS
+center, tab(~);
+cp8 sp8
+cp8 sp8
+lp8|lp8.
+.\" .vs 10
+_
+Summary of Regular Expressions
+In Decreasing Precedence
+_
+\*(FC(\^\*(FIr\*(FC)\*(FR~regular expression (for grouping)
+\*(FIc\*(FR~if non-special char, matches itself
+\*(FC\e\*(FI\^c\*(FR~turn off special meaning of \*(FIc\fP
+\*(FC^\*(FR~beginning of string (note: \*(FInot\fP line)
+\*(FC$\*(FR~end of string (note: \*(FInot\fP line)
+\*(FC.\*(FR~any single character, including newline
+\*(FC[\*(FR...\*(FC]\*(FR~any one character in ... or range
+\*(FC[^\*(FR...\*(FC]\*(FR~any one character not in ... or range
+\*(CB\*(FC\ey\*(FR~word boundary
+\*(FC\eB\*(FR~middle of a word
+\*(FC\e<\*(FR~beginning of a word
+\*(FC\e>\*(FR~end of a word
+\*(FC\es\*(FR~any whitespace character
+\*(FC\eS\*(FR~any non-whitespace character
+\*(FC\ew\*(FR~any word-constituent character
+\*(FC\eW\*(FR~any non-word-constituent character
+\*(FC\e`\*(FR~beginning of a string
+\*(FC\e'\*(FR~end of a string\*(CD
+\*(FIr\*(FC*\*(FR~zero or more occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR
+\*(FIr\*(FC+\*(FR~one or more occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR
+\*(FIr\*(FC?\*(FR~zero or one occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR
+\*(FIr\*(FC{\*(FIn\*(FC,\*(FIm\*(FC}\*(FR~\*(FIn\fP to \*(FIm\fP occurrences of \*(FIr\*(FR \*(CR(POSIX: see note below)\*(CD
+\*(FIr1\*(FC|\|\*(FIr2\*(FR~\*(FIr1\*(FR or \*(FIr2\*(FR
+.TE
+.sp .5
+.fi
+\*(CRThe \*(FIr\*(FC{\*(FIn\*(FC,\*(FIm\*(FC}\*(FR notation is called an
+\*(FIinterval expression\fP. POSIX mandates it for AWK regexps, but
+most \*(AKs don't implement it.\*(CX
+.sp .5
+\*(CDIn regular expressions, within character ranges
+(\*(FC[\*(FR...\*(FC]\*(FR),
+the notation \*(FC[[:\*(FIclass\*(FC:]]\*(FR defines character classes\*(CD:
+.sp .5
+.TS
+center, tab(~);
+lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
+\*(FCalnum\*(FR~alphanumeric~\*(FClower\*(FR~lowercase
+\*(FCalpha\*(FR~alphabetic~\*(FCprint\*(FR~printable
+\*(FCblank\*(FR~space or tab~\*(FCpunct\*(FR~punctuation
+\*(FCcntrl\*(FR~control~\*(FCspace\*(FR~whitespace
+\*(FCdigit\*(FR~decimal~\*(FCupper\*(FR~uppercase
+\*(FCgraph\*(FR~non-spaces~\*(FCxdigit\*(FR~hexadecimal\*(CX
+.TE
+.fi
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBREGULAR EXPRESSIONS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.\" --- Environment Variables
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDThe environment variable \*(FCAWKPATH\fP specifies a search path to use
+when finding source files named with the \*(FC\-f\fP
+option.
+The default path is
+\*(FC".:/usr/local/share/awk"\*(FR.
+.\" if this variable does not exist.
+.\" (The actual directory may vary,
+.\" depending upon how \*(GK was built and installed.)
+If a file name given to the \*(FC\-f\fP option contains a ``/'' character,
+no path search is performed.
+.sp .5
+.PP
+For socket communication,
+\*(FCGAWK_SOCK_RETRIES\fP
+controls the number of retries, and
+\*(FCGAWK_MSEC_SLEEP\fP controls
+the interval between retries.
+The interval is in milliseconds. On systems that do not support
+\*(FIusleep\fP(3),
+the value is rounded up to an integral number of seconds.
+.sp .5
+If \*(FCPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP exists
+.\" in the environment,
+then \*(GK
+behaves exactly as if the \*(FC\-\^\-posix\fP option had been given.\*(CB
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
+
+.\" --- Localization
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDThere are several steps involved in producing and running a localizable
+\*(AK program.
+.sp .5
+1. Add a \*(FCBEGIN\*(FR action to assign a value to the
+\*(FCTEXTDOMAIN\*(FR variable to set the text domain for
+your program.
+.sp .3
+.ti +5n
+\*(FCBEGIN { TEXTDOMAIN = "myprog" }\*(FR
+.sp .3
+This allows \*(GK to find the \*(FC\&.mo\*(FR
+file associated with your program.
+Without this step, \*(GK uses the \*(FCmessages\*(FR text domain,
+which probably won't work.
+.sp .5
+2. Mark all strings that should be translated with leading underscores.
+.sp .5
+3. Use the
+\*(FCbindtextdomain()\*(FR,
+\*(FCdcgettext()\*(FR,
+and/or
+\*(FCdcngettext()\*(FR
+functions in your program, as appropriate.
+.sp .5
+4. Run
+.sp .3
+.ti +3n
+\*(FCgawk\0\-\^\-gen\-pot\0\-f\0myprog.awk\0>\0myprog.pot\*(FR
+.sp .3
+to generate a \*(FC\&.pot\*(FR
+file for your program.
+.sp .5
+5. Provide appropriate translations, and build and install a corresponding
+\*(FC\&.mo\*(FR file.
+.sp .5
+The internationalization features are described in full detail in \*(AM.\*(CB
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBLOCALIZATION (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
+
+.\" --- Special Filenames
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDAll three \*(FCawk\fP implementations
+recognize certain special filenames internally
+when doing I/O redirection from either \*(FCprint\fP
+or \*(FCprintf\fP into a file or via \*(FCgetline\fP
+from a file.
+These filenames
+provide access to open file descriptors inherited from the
+parent process.  They
+may also be used on the command line to name data files.
+The filenames are:
+.sp .5
+.TS
+expand;
+l lw(2i).
+\*(FC"\-"\fP	standard input
+\*(FC/dev/stdin\fP	standard input \*(CR(not \*(MK)\*(CD
+\*(FC/dev/stdout\fP	standard output
+\*(FC/dev/stderr\fP	standard error output
+.TE
+.sp .5
+.fi
+\*(CBThe following names are specific to \*(GK.
+.sp .5
+.in +.2i
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/dev/fd/\^\*(FIn\*(FR
+.br
+File associated with the open file descriptor \*(FIn\*(FR.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet/tcp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet4/tcp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet6/tcp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+Files for TCP/IP connections on local port \*(FIlport\*(FR to
+remote host \*(FIrhost\*(FR on remote port \*(FIrport\*(FR.
+Use a port of \*(FC0\*(FR to have the system pick a port.
+Use \*(FC/inet4\fP to force an IPv4 connection,
+and \*(FC/inet6\fP to force an IPv6 connection.
+Plain \*(FC/inet\fP uses the system default (probably IPv4).
+Usable only with the \*(FC|&\*(FR two-way I/O operator.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet/udp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet4/udp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet6/udp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+Similar, but use UDP/IP instead of TCP/IP.
+.ti -.2i
+\*(CR\*(FC/inet/raw/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet4/raw/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.ti -.2i
+\*(FC/inet6/raw/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
+.br
+.\" Similar, but use raw IP sockets.
+Reserved for future use.\*(CL
+.in -.2i
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBSPECIAL FILENAMES\*(FR\s0"
+
+.BT
+
 .\" --- Input Control
 .ES
 .fi
@@ -1104,29 +1258,29 @@ l lw(1.8i).
 expand;
 l lw(1.8i).
 \*(FCgetline\fP	T{
-set \*(FC$0\fP from next record;
+Set \*(FC$0\fP from next record;
 set \*(FCNF\*(FR, \*(FCNR\*(FR, \*(FCFNR\*(FR.
 T}
-\*(FCgetline < \*(FIfile\*(FR	set \*(FC$0\fP from next record of \*(FIfile\*(FR; set \*(FCNF\*(FR.
+\*(FCgetline < \*(FIfile\*(FR	Set \*(FC$0\fP from next record of \*(FIfile\*(FR; set \*(FCNF\*(FR.
 \*(FCgetline \*(FIv\*(FR	T{
-set \*(FIv\fP from next input record;
+Set \*(FIv\fP from next input record;
 set \*(FCNR\*(FR, \*(FCFNR\*(FR.
 T}
-\*(FCgetline \*(FIv \*(FC< \*(FIfile\*(FR	set \*(FIv\fP from next record of \*(FIfile\*(FR.
-\*(FIcmd \*(FC| getline\*(FR	pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FC$0\*(FR, \*(FCNF\*(FR.
-\*(FIcmd \*(FC| getline \*(FIv\*(FR	pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FIv\*(FR.
-\*(CB\*(FIcmd \*(FC|& getline\*(FR	co-process pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FC$0\*(FR, \*(FCNF\*(FR.
+\*(FCgetline \*(FIv \*(FC< \*(FIfile\*(FR	Set \*(FIv\fP from next record of \*(FIfile\*(FR.
+\*(FIcmd \*(FC| getline\*(FR	Pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FC$0\*(FR, \*(FCNF\*(FR.
+\*(FIcmd \*(FC| getline \*(FIv\*(FR	Pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FIv\*(FR.
+\*(CB\*(FIcmd \*(FC|& getline\*(FR	Co-process pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FC$0\*(FR, \*(FCNF\*(FR.
 .TE
 .fi
 .in +.2i
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FIcmd \*(FC|& getline \*(FIv\*(FR
 .br
-co-process pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FIv\*(FR.
+Co-process pipe into \*(FCgetline\*(FR; set \*(FIv\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CD\*(FCnext\fP
 .br
-stop processing the current input
+Stop processing the current input
 record. Read next input record and
 start over with the first pattern in the
 program. Upon end of the input data,
@@ -1135,17 +1289,13 @@ execute any \*(FCEND\fP rule(s).
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CL\*(FCnextfile\fP
 .br
-stop processing the current input file.
+Stop processing the current input file.
 The next input record comes from the
 next input file. \*(FCFILENAME\fP \*(CBand
 \*(FCARGIND\fP\*(CL are updated, \*(FCFNR\fP is reset to 1,
 and processing starts over with the first
 pattern in the AWK program. Upon end
-of input data, execute any \*(FCEND\fP rule(s).
-\*(CREarlier versions of \*(GK used
-\*(FCnext file\*(FR, as two words.
-This usage is no longer supported.
-\*(CR\*(MK does not currently support \*(FCnextfile\*(FR.\*(CD
+of input data, execute any \*(FCEND\fP rule(s).\*(CD
 .in -.2i
 .sp .5
 .fi
@@ -1161,7 +1311,7 @@ the problem.\*(CX
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CL\*(FCfflush(\*(FR[\*(FIfile\^\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-flush any buffers associated
+Flush any buffers associated
 with the open output file or pipe \*(FIfile\*(FR.\*(CD
 \*(CBIf no \*(FIfile\fP, then flush standard output.
 If \*(FIfile\fP is null, then flush all open output files and pipes
@@ -1169,22 +1319,22 @@ If \*(FIfile\fP is null, then flush all open output files and pipes
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCprint\fP
 .br
-print the current record. Terminate output record
+Print the current record. Terminate output record
 with \*(FCORS\fP.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCprint \*(FIexpr-list\*(FR
 .br
-print expressions. Each expression is separated
+Print expressions. Each expression is separated
 by the value of \*(FCOFS\fP. Terminate the output record
 with \*(FCORS\fP.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCprintf \*(FIfmt\*(FC, \*(FIexpr-list\*(FR
 .br
-format and print (see \fHPrintf Formats\fP below).
+Format and print (see \fHPrintf Formats\fP below).
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCsystem(\*(FIcmd\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-execute the command \*(FIcmd\*(FR,
+Execute the command \*(FIcmd\*(FR,
 and return the exit status
 \*(CR(may not be available on non-POSIX systems)\*(CD.
 .sp .5
@@ -1195,25 +1345,23 @@ I/O redirections may be used with both \*(FCprint\fP and \*(FCprintf\fP.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CD\*(FCprint "hello" > \*(FIfile\*(FR
 .br
-print data to \*(FIfile\fP. The first time the file is written to, it
+Print data to \*(FIfile\fP. The first time the file is written to, it
 is truncated. Subsequent commands append data.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCprint "hello" >> \*(FIfile\*(FR
 .br
-append data to \*(FIfile\fP. The previous contents of \*(FIfile\*(FR are not lost.
+Append data to \*(FIfile\fP. The previous contents of \*(FIfile\*(FR are not lost.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCprint "hello" | \*(FIcmd\*(FR
 .br
-print data down a pipeline to \*(FIcmd\*(FR.
+Print data down a pipeline to \*(FIcmd\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCprint "hello" |& \*(FIcmd\*(FR
 .br
-print data down a pipeline to co-process \*(FIcmd\*(FR.\*(CX
+Print data down a pipeline to co-process \*(FIcmd\*(FR.\*(CX
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBOUTPUT CONTROL\*(FR\s0"
 
-.BT
-
 .\" --- Closing Redirections
 .ES
 .fi
@@ -1221,11 +1369,11 @@ print data down a pipeline to co-process \*(FIcmd\*(FR.\*(CX
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CD\*(FCclose(\*(FIfile\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-close input or output file, pipe \*(CBor co-process.\*(CD
+Close input or output file, pipe \*(CBor co-process.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCclose(\*(FIcommand\*(FC, \*(FIhow\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-close one end of co-process pipe.
+Close one end of co-process pipe.
 Use \*(FC"to"\*(FR for the write end, or
 \*(FC"from"\*(FR for the read end.\*(CD
 .in -.2i
@@ -1238,75 +1386,6 @@ if there was a system problem.
 the error.\*(CX
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBCLOSING REDIRECTIONS\*(FR\s0"
 
-.\" --- Special Filenames
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDWhen doing I/O redirection from either \*(FCprint\fP
-or \*(FCprintf\fP into a file or via \*(FCgetline\fP
-from a file, all three implementations of \*(FCawk\fP
-recognize certain special filenames internally. These filenames
-allow access to open file descriptors inherited from the
-parent process (usually the shell).
-These filenames may also be used on the command line to name data files.
-The filenames are:
-.sp .5
-.TS
-expand;
-l lw(2i).
-\*(FC"\-"\fP	standard input
-\*(FC/dev/stdin\fP	standard input \*(CR(not \*(MK)\*(CD
-\*(FC/dev/stdout\fP	standard output
-\*(FC/dev/stderr\fP	standard error output
-.TE
-.sp .5
-.fi
-\*(CBThe following names are specific to \*(GK.
-.sp .5
-.in +.2i
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/dev/fd/\^\*(FIn\*(FR
-.br
-File associated with the open file descriptor \*(FIn\*(FR.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet/tcp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet4/tcp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet6/tcp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-Files for TCP/IP connections on local port \*(FIlport\*(FR to
-remote host \*(FIrhost\*(FR on remote port \*(FIrport\*(FR.
-Use a port of \*(FC0\*(FR to have the system pick a port.
-Use \*(FC/inet4\fP to force an IPv4 connection,
-and \*(FC/inet6\fP to force an IPv6 connection.
-Plain \*(FC/inet\fP uses the system default (probably IPv4).
-Usable only with the \*(FC|&\*(FR two-way I/O operator.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet/udp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet4/udp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet6/udp/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-Similar, but use UDP/IP instead of TCP/IP.
-.ti -.2i
-\*(CR\*(FC/inet/raw/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet4/raw/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.ti -.2i
-\*(FC/inet6/raw/\*(FIlport\*(FC/\*(FIrhost\*(FC/\*(FIrport\*(FR
-.br
-.\" Similar, but use raw IP sockets.
-Reserved for future use.\*(CL
-.in -.2i
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBSPECIAL FILENAMES\*(FR\s0"
-
 .BT
 
 .\" --- Printf Formats
@@ -1317,23 +1396,23 @@ Reserved for future use.\*(CL
 accept the following conversion specification formats:
 .sp .5
 .nf
-\*(FC%c\fP		an \s-1ASCII\s+1 character
-\*(FC%d\fP, \*(FC%i\fP	a decimal number (the integer part)
-\*(FC%e\fP		a floating point number of the form
+\*(FC%c\fP		An \s-1ASCII\s+1 character
+\*(FC%d\fP, \*(FC%i\fP	A decimal number (the integer part)
+\*(FC%e\fP		A floating point number of the form
 		\*(FC[\-]d.dddddde[+\^\-]dd\*(FR
-\*(FC%E\fP		like \*(FC%e\fP, but use \*(FCE\fP instead of \*(FCe\*(FR
-\*(FC%f\fP		a floating point number of the form
+\*(FC%E\fP		Like \*(FC%e\fP, but use \*(FCE\fP instead of \*(FCe\*(FR
+\*(FC%f\fP		A floating point number of the form
 		\*(FC[\-]ddd.dddddd\*(FR
-\*(FC%F\fP		like \*(FC%f\fP, but use capital letters for infinity and
+\*(FC%F\fP		Like \*(FC%f\fP, but use capital letters for infinity and
 		not-a-number values.
-\*(FC%g\fP		use \*(FC%e\fP or \*(FC%f\fP, whichever is shorter, with
+\*(FC%g\fP		Use \*(FC%e\fP or \*(FC%f\fP, whichever is shorter, with
 		nonsignificant zeros suppressed
-\*(FC%G\fP		like \*(FC%g\fP, but use \*(FC%E\fP instead of \*(FC%e\*(FR
-\*(FC%o\fP		an unsigned octal integer
-\*(FC%u\fP		an unsigned decimal integer
-\*(FC%s\fP		a character string
-\*(FC%x\fP		an unsigned hexadecimal integer
-\*(FC%X\fP		like \*(FC%x\fP, but use \*(FCABCDEF\fP for 10\(en15
+\*(FC%G\fP		Like \*(FC%g\fP, but use \*(FC%E\fP instead of \*(FC%e\*(FR
+\*(FC%o\fP		An unsigned octal integer
+\*(FC%u\fP		An unsigned decimal integer
+\*(FC%s\fP		A character string
+\*(FC%x\fP		An unsigned hexadecimal integer
+\*(FC%X\fP		Like \*(FC%x\fP, but use \*(FCABCDEF\fP for 10\(en15
 \*(FC%%\fP		A literal \*(FC%\fP; no argument is converted
 .sp .5
 .fi
@@ -1344,7 +1423,7 @@ and the control letter:
 expand;
 l lw(2.2i).
 \*(CB\*(FIcount\*(FC$\*(FR	T{
-use the
+Use the
 \*(FIcount\*(FR'th
 argument at this point in the formatting
 (a \*(FIpositional specifier\*(FR).
@@ -1352,75 +1431,72 @@ Use in translated versions of
 format strings, not in the original text of an AWK program.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FC\-\fP	T{
-left-justify the expression within its field.
+Left-justify the expression within its field.
 T}
 \*(FIspace\fP	T{
-for numeric conversions, prefix positive values
+For numeric conversions, prefix positive values
 with a space and negative values with a
 minus sign.
 T}
 \*(FC+\fP	T{
-used before the \*(FIwidth\fP modifier means to always
+Use before the \*(FIwidth\fP modifier to always
 supply a sign for numeric conversions, even if
 the data to be formatted is positive. The \*(FC+\fP
 overrides the space modifier.
 T}
 \*(FC#\fP	T{
-use an ``alternate form'' for some control letters.
+Use an ``alternate form'' for some control letters:
 T}
- \*(FC%o\*(FR	T{
-supply a leading zero.
+  \*(FC%o\*(FR	T{
+Supply a leading zero.
 T}
- \*(FC%x\*(FR, \*(FC%X\*(FR	T{
-supply a leading \*(FC0x\*(FR or \*(FC0X\*(FR for a nonzero result.
+  \*(FC%x\*(FR, \*(FC%X\*(FR	T{
+Supply a leading \*(FC0x\*(FR or \*(FC0X\*(FR for a nonzero result.
 T}
- \*(FC%e\*(FR, \*(FC%E\*(FR, \*(FC%f\*(FR	T{
-the result always has a decimal point.
+  \*(FC%e\*(FR, \*(FC%E\*(FR, \*(FC%f\*(FR	T{
+The result always has a decimal point.
 T}
- \*(FC%g\*(FR, \*(FC%G\*(FR	T{
-trailing zeros are not removed.
+  \*(FC%g\*(FR, \*(FC%G\*(FR	T{
+Trailing zeros are not removed.
 T}
 \*(FC0\fP	T{
-pad output with zeros instead of spaces.
+Pad output with zeros instead of spaces.
 This applies only to the numeric output formats.
 Only has an effect when the field width is wider
 than the value to be printed.
 T}
 \*(CB\*(FC'\*(FR	T{
-use the locale's thousands separator for \*(FC%d\fP, \*(FC%i\fP, and \*(FC%u\fP.\*(CD
+Use the locale's thousands separator for \*(FC%d\fP, \*(FC%i\fP, and \*(FC%u\fP.\*(CD
 T}
 \*(FIwidth\fP	T{
-pad the field to this width. The field is normally
+Pad the field to this width. The field is normally
 padded with spaces. If the \*(FC0\fP flag has been used,
 pad with zeros.
 T}
 \*(FC.\*(FIprec\*(FR	T{
-precision.
+Precision.
 The meaning of the \*(FIprec\*(FR varies by control letter:
 T}
- \*(FC%d\*(FR, \*(FC%o\*(FR, \*(FC%i\*(FR,
- \*(FC%u\*(FR, \*(FC%x\*(FR, \*(FC%X\fP	T{
-the minimum number of digits to print.
+  \*(FC%d\*(FR, \*(FC%o\*(FR, \*(FC%i\*(FR,
+  \*(FC%u\*(FR, \*(FC%x\*(FR, \*(FC%X\fP	T{
+The minimum number of digits to print.
 T}
- \*(FC%e\*(FR, \*(FC%E\*(FR, \*(FC%f\*(FR	T{
-the number of digits to print to the right of the decimal point.
+  \*(FC%e\*(FR, \*(FC%E\*(FR, \*(FC%f\*(FR	T{
+The number of digits to print to the right of the decimal point.
 T}
- \*(FC%g\*(FR, \*(FC%G\fP	T{
-the maximum number of significant digits.
+  \*(FC%g\*(FR, \*(FC%G\fP	T{
+The maximum number of significant digits.
 T}
- \*(FC%s\fP	T{
-the maximum number of characters to print.
+  \*(FC%s\fP	T{
+The maximum number of characters to print.
 T}
 .TE
 .sp .5
 .fi
-.ig
-The dynamic \*(FIwidth\fP and \*(FIprec\fP capabilities of the ANSI C
-\*(FCprintf()\fP routines are supported.
-..
-A \*(FC*\fP in place of either the \*(FIwidth\fP or \*(FIprec\fP
-specifications causes their values to be taken from
-the argument list to \*(FCprintf\fP or \*(FCsprintf()\*(FR.
+Use a
+\*(FC*\fP in place of either the \*(FIwidth\fP or \*(FIprec\fP
+specifications to take their values from
+the \*(FCprintf\fP or \*(FCsprintf()\*(FR argument list.
 \*(CBUse \*(FC*\*(FIn\*(FC$\*(FR to use positional specifiers
 with a dynamic width or precision.\*(CX
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBPRINTF FORMATS\*(FR\s0"
@@ -1428,6 +1504,99 @@ with a dynamic width or precision.\*(CX
 
 .BT
 
+.\" --- User-defined Functions
+.ES
+.fi
+\*(CDFunctions in AWK are defined as follows:
+.sp .5
+.nf
+	\*(FCfunction \*(FIname\*(FC(\*(FIparameter list\*(FC)
+	{
+		\*(FIstatements
+	\*(FC}\*(FR
+.sp .5
+.fi
+Functions are executed when they are called from within expressions
+in either patterns or actions. Actual parameters supplied in the function
+call instantiate the formal parameters declared in the function.
+Arrays are passed by reference, other variables are passed by value.
+.sp .5
+Local variables are declared as extra parameters
+in the parameter list. The convention is to separate local variables from
+real parameters by extra spaces in the parameter list. For example:
+.sp .5
+.nf
+	\*(FC# a and b are local
+	function f(p, q,     a, b)
+	{
+		\&.....
+	}
+.sp .3
+	/abc/	{ ... ; f(1, 2) ; ... }\*(FR
+.fi
+.sp .5
+The left parenthesis in a function call is required
+to immediately follow the function name
+without any intervening whitespace.
+This is to avoid a syntactic ambiguity with the concatenation operator.
+This restriction does not apply to the built-in functions.
+.sp .5
+Functions may call each other and may be recursive.
+Function parameters used as local variables are initialized
+to the null string and the number zero upon function invocation.
+.sp .5
+\*(CBFunctions may be called indirectly. To do this, assign
+the name of the function to be called, as a string, to a variable.
+Then use the variable as if it were the name of a function, prefixed with
+an ``at'' sign, like so:\*(FC
+.nf
+.sp .5
+	function myfunc()
+	{
+		print "myfunc called"
+	}
+.sp .3
+	{
+		the_func = "myfunc"
+		@the_func()
+	}
+.fi
+.sp .5
+\*(FR\*(CDUse \*(FCreturn\fP to return a value from a function. The return value
+is undefined if no value is provided, or if the function returns by
+``falling off'' the end.
+.sp .5
+\*(CLThe word
+\*(FCfunc\fP
+may be used in place of
+\*(FCfunction\*(FR.
+\*(CRThis usage is deprecated.\*(CX
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBUSER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS\*(FR\s0"
+.sp .6
+.\" --- Builtin Numeric Functions
+.ES
+.fi
+.TS
+expand;
+l lw(2i).
+\*(CD\*(FCatan2(\*(FIy\*(FC, \*(FIx\*(FC)\*(FR	The arctangent of \*(FIy/x\fP in radians.
+\*(FCcos(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	The cosine of \*(FIexpr\fP, which is in radians.
+\*(FCexp(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	The exponential function (\*(FIe \*(FC^ \*(FIx\*(FR).
+\*(FCint(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	Truncate to integer.
+\*(FClog(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	The natural logarithm function (base \*(FIe\^\*(FR).
+\*(FCrand()\fP	A random number between 0 and 1 (0 \(<= \*(FIN\fP < 1).
+\*(FCsin(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	The sine of \*(FIexpr\fP, which is in radians.
+\*(FCsqrt(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	The square root function.
+\&\*(FCsrand(\*(FR[\*(FIexpr\^\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR	T{
+Use \*(FIexpr\fP as the new seed for the random number
+generator. If no \*(FIexpr\fP, the time of day is used.
+Return the random number
+generator's previous seed.\*(CX
+T}
+.TE
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBNUMERIC FUNCTIONS\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
+
 .\" --- Builtin String Functions
 .ES
 .fi
@@ -1435,26 +1604,26 @@ with a dynamic width or precision.\*(CX
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCasort(\*(FIs\*(FC \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FId\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-sorts the source array \*(FIs\*(FR, replacing the indices with numeric
+Sort the source array \*(FIs\*(FR, replacing the indices with numeric
 values 1 through \*(FIn\*(FR (the number of elements in the array),
-and returns the number of elements.
-If destination \*(FId\*(FR is supplied, \*(FIs\*(FR is copied to \*(FId\*(FR,
-\*(FId\*(FR is sorted, and \*(FIs\*(FR is unchanged.\*(CD
+and return the number of elements.
+If destination \*(FId\*(FR is supplied, copy \*(FIs\*(FR to \*(FId\*(FR,
+sort \*(FId\*(FR, and leave \*(FIs\*(FR unchanged.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCasorti(\*(FIs\*(FC \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FId\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-like \*(FCasort()\*(FR, but sorting is done on the indices, not
+Like \*(FCasort()\*(FR, but sort on the indices, not
 the values.  The original values are thrown array, so provide a
 second array to preserve the first.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCgensub(\*(FIr\*(FC, \*(FIs\*(FC, \*(FIh \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIt\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-search the target string
+Search the target string
 \*(FIt\fP for matches of the regular expression \*(FIr\*(FR. If
 \*(FIh\fP is a string beginning with \*(FCg\fP or \*(FCG\*(FR,
 replace all matches of \*(FIr\fP with \*(FIs\*(FR. Otherwise, \*(FIh\fP
 is a number indicating which match of \*(FIr\fP to replace.
-If \*(FIt\fP is not supplied, \*(FC$0\fP is used instead. Within the
+If \*(FIt\fP is not supplied, use \*(FC$0\fP instead. Within the
 replacement text \*(FIs\*(FR, the sequence \*(FC\e\*(FIn\*(FR,
 where \*(FIn\fP is a digit from 1 to 9, may be used to indicate just
 the text that matched the \*(FIn\*(FRth parenthesized subexpression.
@@ -1465,7 +1634,7 @@ and the original target string is \*(FInot\fP changed.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCgsub(\*(FIr\*(FC, \*(FIs \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIt\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-for each substring matching the
+For each substring matching the
 regular expression \*(FIr\fP in the string \*(FIt\*(FR, substitute the
 string \*(FIs\*(FR, and return the number of substitutions. If
 \*(FIt\fP is not supplied, use \*(FC$0\*(FR. An \*(FC&\fP in the
@@ -1477,21 +1646,21 @@ and \*(FCgsub()\*(FR
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCindex(\*(FIs\*(FC, \*(FIt\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the index of the string
+Return the index of the string
 \*(FIt\fP in the string \*(FIs\*(FR, or 0 if \*(FIt\fP is not present.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FClength(\*(FR[\*(FIs\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the length of the string
+Return the length of the string
 \*(FIs\*(FR, or the length of \*(FC$0\fP if \*(FIs\fP is not supplied.
-\*(CBWith an array argument, returns the number of elements
+\*(CLWith an array argument, return the number of elements
 in the array.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCmatch(\*(FIs\*(FC, \*(FIr \*(CB\*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIa\*(FR]\*(CD\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the position in
+Return the position in
 \*(FIs\fP where the regular expression \*(FIr\fP occurs, or 0 if
-\*(FIr\fP is not present, and sets the values of variables
+\*(FIr\fP is not present, and set the values of variables
 \*(FCRSTART\fP
 and \*(FCRLENGTH\*(FR.
 \*(CBIf \*(FIa\*(FR is supplied, the text matching all of \*(FIr\*(FR
@@ -1507,104 +1676,81 @@ respectively, of each matching substring.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCpatsplit(\*(FIs\*(FC, \*(FIa \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIr \*(CB\*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIseps \*(FR] \*(FR] \*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-splits the string
+Split the string
 \*(FIs\fP into the array \*(FIa\fP
 and the array \*(FIseps\fP of separator strings
 using the regular expression \*(FIr\*(FR,
-and returns the number of fields.
+and return the number of fields.
 Element values are the portions of \*(FIs\fP that matched \*(FIr\fP.
 The value of \*(FIseps\fP[\*(FIi\fP] is the separator that appeared in
 front of \*(FIa\fP[\*(FIi\fP+1].
-If \*(FIr\fP is omitted, \*(FCFPAT\fP
-is used instead.
-The arrays \*(FIa\fP and \*(FIseps\fP are cleared first.
+If \*(FIr\fP is omitted, use \*(FCFPAT\fP instead.
+Clear the arrays \*(FIa\fP and \*(FIseps\fP first.
 Splitting behaves identically to field splitting with \*(FCFPAT\fP.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCsplit(\*(FIs\*(FC, \*(FIa \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIr \*(CB\*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIseps \*(FR]\*(CD \*(FR] \*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-splits the string
+Split the string
 \*(FIs\fP into the array \*(FIa\fP \*(CBand the array \*(FIseps\fP of separator strings\*(CD 
 using the regular expression \*(FIr\*(FR,
-and returns the number of fields. If \*(FIr\fP is omitted, \*(FCFS\fP
-is used instead.
-The arrays \*(FIa\fP \*(CBand \*(FIseps\fP\*(CD are cleared first.
+and return the number of fields. If \*(FIr\fP is omitted, use \*(FCFS\fP
+instead.
+Clear the \*(FIa\fP \*(CBand \*(FIseps\fP\*(CD first.
 Splitting behaves identically to field splitting.
 (See \fHFields\fP, above.)
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCsprintf(\*(FIfmt\*(FC, \*(FIexpr-list\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-prints \*(FIexpr-list\fP
-according to \*(FIfmt\*(FR, and returns the resulting string.
+Print \*(FIexpr-list\fP
+according to \*(FIfmt\*(FR, and return the result.\*(CX
+.in -.2i
+.EB "\s+2\f(HBSTRING FUNCTIONS\*(FR\s0"
+
+.BT
+
+.\" --- Builtin String Functions
+.ES
+.fi
+.in +.2i
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CB\*(FCstrtonum(\*(FIs\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-examines \*(FIs\*(FR, and returns its numeric value.
+Examine \*(FIs\*(FR, and return its numeric value.
 If \*(FIs\*(FR begins with a leading \*(FC0\*(FR,
 \*(FCstrtonum()\*(FR assumes that \*(FIs\*(FR
 is an octal number.
 If \*(FIs\*(FR begins with a leading \*(FC0x\*(FR
 or \*(FC0X\*(FR, \*(FCstrtonum()\*(FR assumes that
-\*(FIs\*(FR is a hexadecimal number.\*(CD
+\*(FIs\*(FR is a hexadecimal number. Otherwise, the
+number is treated as decimal.\*(CD
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCsub(\*(FIr\*(FC, \*(FIs \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIt\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-just like
-\*(FCgsub()\*(FR, but only the first matching substring is replaced.\*(CX
-.in -.2i
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBSTRING FUNCTIONS\*(FR\s0"
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- Builtin String Functions
-.ES
-.fi
-.in +.2i
+Just like
+\*(FCgsub()\*(FR, but replace only the first matching substring.\*(CX
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CD\*(FCsubstr(\*(FIs\*(FC, \*(FIi \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIn\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the at most
+Return the at most
 \*(FIn\*(FR-character substring of \*(FIs\fP starting at \*(FIi\*(FR.
-If \*(FIn\fP is omitted, the rest of \*(FIs\fP is used.
+If \*(FIn\fP is omitted, use the rest of \*(FIs\fP.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCtolower(\*(FIstr\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns a copy of the string \*(FIstr\*(FR,
-with all the upper-case characters in \*(FIstr\fP translated to their
-corresponding lower-case counterparts. Non-alphabetic characters are
+Return a copy of the string \*(FIstr\*(FR,
+with all the uppercase characters in \*(FIstr\fP translated to their
+corresponding lowercase counterparts. Non-alphabetic characters are
 left unchanged.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCtoupper(\*(FIstr\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns a copy of the string \*(FIstr\*(FR,
-with all the lower-case characters in \*(FIstr\fP translated to their
-corresponding upper-case counterparts. Non-alphabetic characters are
+Return a copy of the string \*(FIstr\*(FR,
+with all the lowercase characters in \*(FIstr\fP translated to their
+corresponding uppercase counterparts. Non-alphabetic characters are
 left unchanged.\*(CX
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBSTRING FUNCTIONS (continued)\*(FR\s0"
 .sp .6
-.\" --- Builtin Numeric Functions
-.ES
-.fi
-.TS
-expand;
-l lw(2i).
-\*(CD\*(FCatan2(\*(FIy\*(FC, \*(FIx\*(FC)\*(FR	the arctangent of \*(FIy/x\fP in radians.
-\*(FCcos(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	the cosine of \*(FIexpr\fP, which is in radians.
-\*(FCexp(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	the exponential function (\*(FIe \*(FC^ \*(FIx\*(FR).
-\*(FCint(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	truncates to integer.
-\*(FClog(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	the natural logarithm function (base \*(FIe\^\*(FR).
-\*(FCrand()\fP	a random number between 0 and 1 (0 \(<= \*(FIN\fP < 1).
-\*(FCsin(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	the sine of \*(FIexpr\fP, which is in radians.
-\*(FCsqrt(\*(FIexpr\*(FC)\*(FR	the square root function.
-\&\*(FCsrand(\*(FR[\*(FIexpr\^\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR	T{
-uses \*(FIexpr\fP as a new seed for the random number
-generator. If no \*(FIexpr\fP, the time of day is used.
-Returns previous seed for the random number
-generator.\*(CX
-T}
-.TE
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBNUMERIC FUNCTIONS\*(FR\s0"
-.sp .6
 .\" --- Builtin Time Functions
 .ES
 .fi
@@ -1617,14 +1763,15 @@ formatting them.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCmktime(\*(FIdatespec\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-turns \*(FIdatespec\fP into a time
-stamp of the same form as returned by \*(FCsystime()\*(FR.
+Convert \*(FIdatespec\fP into a time
+stamp of the same form as returned by \*(FCsystime()\*(FR
+and return it.
 The \*(FIdatespec\fP is a string of the form
 \*(FC"\*(FIYYYY MM DD HH MM SS[ DST]\*(FC"\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCstrftime(\*(FR[\*(FIformat \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FItimestamp\*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIutc-flag\*(FR]]]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-formats \*(FItimestamp\fP
+Format \*(FItimestamp\fP
 according to the specification in \*(FIformat\*(FR. The
 \*(FItimestamp\fP should be of the same form as returned by
 \*(FCsystime()\*(FR.
@@ -1637,7 +1784,7 @@ of \*(FIdate\*(FR(1) is used.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCsystime()\fP
 .br
-returns the current time of day as the number of
+Return the current time of day as the number of
 seconds since the Epoch.\*(CB
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBTIME FUNCTIONS (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
@@ -1653,38 +1800,36 @@ provides the following functions for doing bitwise operations.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCand(\*(FIv1\*(FC, \*(FIv2\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the bitwise AND of the values provided by
+Return the bitwise AND of the values provided by
 \*(FIv1\*(FR and \*(FIv2\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCcompl(\*(FIval\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the bitwise complement of
+Return the bitwise complement of
 \*(FIval\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FClshift(\*(FIval\*(FC, \*(FIcount\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the value of \*(FIval\*(FR,
+Return the value of \*(FIval\*(FR,
 shifted left by \*(FIcount\*(FR bits.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCor(\*(FIv1\*(FC, \*(FIv2\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the bitwise OR of the values provided by
+Return the bitwise OR of the values provided by
 \*(FIv1\*(FR and \*(FIv2\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCrshift(\*(FIval\*(FC, \*(FIcount\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the value of \*(FIval\*(FR,
+Return the value of \*(FIval\*(FR,
 shifted right by \*(FIcount\*(FR bits.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCxor(\*(FIv1\*(FC, \*(FIv2\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-teturns the bitwise XOR of the values provided by
+Return the bitwise XOR of the values provided by
 \*(FIv1\*(FR and \*(FIv2\*(FR.\*(CB
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBBIT MANIPULATION FUNCTIONS (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
-
-.BT
-
+.sp .6
 .\" --- Extensions
 .ES
 .fi
@@ -1692,7 +1837,7 @@ teturns the bitwise XOR of the values provided by
 .ti -.2i
 \*(CD\*(FCextension(\*(FIlib\*(FC, \*(FIfunc\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-dynamically load the shared library
+Dynamically load the shared library
 \*(FIlib\*(FR
 and call
 \*(FIfunc\*(FR
@@ -1702,6 +1847,7 @@ It returns the value returned by
 \*(FIfunc\*(FR.\*(CB
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBDYNAMIC EXTENSIONS (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
+.BT
 
 .\" --- Builtin Internationalization Functions
 .ES
@@ -1713,11 +1859,11 @@ provides the following functions for runtime message translation.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCbindtextdomain(\*(FIdirectory \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIdomain\*(FR]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-specifies the directory where \*(GK looks for the \*(FC\&.mo\*(FR
+Specify the directory where \*(GK looks for the \*(FC\&.mo\*(FR
 files, in case they
 will not or cannot be placed in the ``standard'' locations
-(e.g., during testing.)
-It returns the directory where \*(FIdomain\*(FR is ``bound.''
+(e.g., during testing).
+Return the directory where \*(FIdomain\*(FR is ``bound.''
 .sp .5
 The default \*(FIdomain\*(FR is the value of \*(FCTEXTDOMAIN\*(FR.
 When \*(FIdirectory\*(FR is the null string (\*(FC"\^"\*(FR),
@@ -1726,7 +1872,7 @@ given \*(FIdomain\*(FR.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCdcgettext(\*(FIstring \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIdomain \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIcategory\*(FR]]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the translation of \*(FIstring\*(FR in text domain
+Return the translation of \*(FIstring\*(FR in text domain
 \*(FIdomain\*(FR for locale category \*(FIcategory\*(FR.
 The default value for \*(FIdomain\*(FR is the current value of \*(FCTEXTDOMAIN\*(FR.
 The default value for \*(FIcategory\*(FR is \*(FC"LC_MESSAGES"\*(FR.
@@ -1738,7 +1884,7 @@ to use the current domain.
 .ti -.2i
 \*(FCdcngettext(\*(FIstring1\*(FC, \*(FIstring2\*(FC, \*(FInumber\*(FR [\*(FC, \*(FIdom \*(FR[\*(FC, \*(FIcat\*(FR]]\*(FC)\*(FR
 .br
-returns the plural form used for \*(FInumber\*(FR of the translation of
+Return the plural form used for \*(FInumber\*(FR of the translation of
 \*(FIstring1\*(FR and \*(FIstring2\*(FR in text domain
 \*(FIdom\*(FR for locale category \*(FIcat\*(FR.
 The default value for \*(FIdom\*(FR is the current value of \*(FCTEXTDOMAIN\*(FR.
@@ -1752,159 +1898,6 @@ to use the current domain.\*(CB
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBINTERNATIONALIZATION (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
 
-.\" --- Localization
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDThere are several steps involved in producing and running a localizable
-\*(AK program.
-.sp .5
-1. Add a \*(FCBEGIN\*(FR action to assign a value to the
-\*(FCTEXTDOMAIN\*(FR variable to set the text domain for
-your program.
-.sp .5
-.ti +5n
-\*(FCBEGIN { TEXTDOMAIN = "myprog" }\*(FR
-.sp .5
-This allows \*(GK to find the \*(FC\&.mo\*(FR
-file associated with your program.
-Without this step, \*(GK uses the \*(FCmessages\*(FR text domain,
-which probably won't work.
-.sp .5
-2. Mark all strings that should be translated with leading underscores.
-.sp .5
-3. Use the
-\*(FCbindtextdomain()\*(FR,
-\*(FCdcgettext()\*(FR,
-and/or
-\*(FCdcngettext()\*(FR
-functions in your program, as appropriate.
-.sp .5
-4. Run
-.sp .5
-.ti +3n
-\*(FCgawk\0\-\^\-gen\-pot\0\-f\0myprog.awk\0>\0myprog.po\*(FR
-.sp .5
-to generate a \*(FC\&.po\*(FR
-file for your program.
-.sp .5
-5. Provide appropriate translations, and build and install a corresponding
-\*(FC\&.mo\*(FR file.
-.sp .5
-The internationalization features are described in full detail in \*(AM.\*(CB
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBLOCALIZATION (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
-
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- User-defined Functions
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDFunctions in AWK are defined as follows:
-.sp .5
-.nf
-	\*(FCfunction \*(FIname\*(FC(\*(FIparameter list\*(FC)
-	{
-		\*(FIstatements
-	\*(FC}\*(FR
-.sp .5
-.fi
-Functions are executed when they are called from within expressions
-in either patterns or actions. Actual parameters supplied in the function
-call instantiate the formal parameters declared in the function.
-Arrays are passed by reference, other variables are passed by value.
-.sp .5
-Local variables are declared as extra parameters
-in the parameter list. The convention is to separate local variables from
-real parameters by extra spaces in the parameter list. For example:
-.sp .5
-.nf
-	\*(FC# a and b are local
-	function f(p, q,     a, b)
-	{
-		\&.....
-	}
-.sp .3
-	/abc/	{ ... ; f(1, 2) ; ... }\*(FR
-.fi
-.sp .5
-The left parenthesis in a function call is required
-to immediately follow the function name
-without any intervening white space.
-This is to avoid a syntactic ambiguity with the concatenation operator.
-This restriction does not apply to the built-in functions.
-.sp .5
-Functions may call each other and may be recursive.
-Function parameters used as local variables are initialized
-to the null string and the number zero upon function invocation.
-.sp .5
-\*(CBFunctions may be called indirectly. To do this, assign
-the name of the function to be called, as a string, to a variable.
-Then use the variable as if it were the name of a function, prefixed with
-an ``at'' sign, like so:\*(FC
-.nf
-.sp .5
-	function  myfunc()
-	{
-		print "myfunc called"
-	}
-.sp .3
-	{
-		the_func = "myfunc"
-		@the_func()
-	}
-.fi
-.sp .5
-\*(FR\*(CDUse \*(FCreturn\fP to return a value from a function. The return value
-is undefined if no value is provided, or if the function returns by
-``falling off'' the end.
-.sp .5
-\*(CLThe word
-\*(FCfunc\fP
-may be used in place of
-\*(FCfunction\*(FR.
-\*(CRNote: This usage is deprecated.\*(CX
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBUSER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS\*(FR\s0"
-
-.\" --- Environment Variables
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDThe environment variable \*(FCAWKPATH\fP specifies a search path to use
-when finding source files named with the \*(FC\-f\fP
-option.
-The default path is
-\*(FC".:/usr/local/share/awk"\*(FR.
-.\" if this variable does not exist.
-.\" (The actual directory may vary,
-.\" depending upon how \*(GK was built and installed.)
-If a file name given to the \*(FC\-f\fP option contains a ``/'' character,
-no path search is performed.
-.sp .5
-If \*(FCPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP exists
-.\" in the environment,
-then \*(GK
-behaves exactly as if the \*(FC\-\^\-posix\fP option had been given.\*(CB
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBENVIRONMENT VARIABLES (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
-
-.BT
-
-.\" --- Historical Features
-.ES
-.fi
-\*(CDIt is possible to call the \*(FClength()\fP
-built-in function not only with no argument, but even without parentheses.
-This feature is marked as ``deprecated'' in the POSIX standard, and \*(GK
-issues a warning about its use if \*(FC\-\^\-lint\fP
-is specified on the command line.
-.sp .5
-The \*(FCcontinue\fP
-and \*(FCbreak\fP statements may be used outside the body of a
-\*(FCwhile\*(FR, \*(FCfor\*(FR, or \*(FCdo\fP loop.
-Historical AWK implementations have treated such usage as
-equivalent to the \*(FCnext\fP statement.
-\*(GK supports this usage if \*(FC\-\^\-traditional\fP
-is specified.\*(CB
-.EB "\s+2\f(HBHISTORICAL FEATURES (\*(GK\f(HB)\*(FR\s0"
-
 .\" --- FTP/HTTP Information
 .ES
 .nf
@@ -1932,8 +1925,8 @@ Host: \*(FCinvisible-island.net\*(FR
 File: \*(FC/mawk/mawk.tar.gz\fP
 .in +.2i
 .fi
-Michael Brennan's \*(MK. Thomas Dickey is now
-maintaining it.\*(CX
+Michael Brennan's \*(MK. Thomas Dickey now
+maintains it.\*(CX
 .in -.2i
 .EB "\s+2\f(HBFTP/HTTP INFORMATION\*(FR\s0"